FEMA's workforce is comprised of a combination of permanent full-time employees (permanent employees) and temporary employees. Permanent employees conduct a wide variety of specialized functions including mitigation activities, such as flood mapping and managing the National Flood Insurance Program; preparedness activities, such as national capabilities assessments; and managing nationwide grant programs, among other things. According to FEMA, the agency obligated $630,649,000 to fund the salaries and benefits of its permanent employees for fiscal year 2012.