This manual, Field Manual FM 4-01 Army Transportation Operations April 2014, is the Army's doctrinal manual for transportation. It replaces FM 55-1. Its purpose is to provide authoritative doctrine for transportation operations that support unified land operations. This publication applies to the range of military operations and supports Army doctrine publication (ADP) 3-0, Unified Land Operations and ADP 4-0, Sustainment. It also expounds on transportation doctrine that is introduced in ADP 4-0. The intent of this FM is to support strategic and operational reach, and enable endurance. This FM also establishes how transportation operations are integrated and synchronized into the overall operations process - plan, prepare, execute, and assess. Transportation is identified as a sub-element of logistics in the Sustainment Warfighting Function The principle audience for FM 4-01 is all members of the profession of arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this publication. Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure that their decisions and actions comply with applicable U.S., international, and, in some cases host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all levels ensure their Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. (See FM 27-10.) FM 4-01 uses joint terms where applicable. Selected joint and Army terms and definitions appear in both the glossary and the text. Terms for which FM 4-01 is the proponent publication (the authority) are italicized in the text and are marked with an asterisk (*) in the glossary. Terms and definitions for which FM 4-01 is the proponent publication are boldfaced in the text. For other definitions shown in the text, the term is italicized and the number of the proponent publication follows the definition. FM 4-01 applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the United States, and the United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated. The U.S. Army Transportation Corps provides an overwhelming capability for Army and joint forces in achieving operational reach, freedom of action and prolonged endurance. Army transportation, combined with strategic enablers, delivers to the Combatant Commander expeditionary capabilities. At the foundation is the Defense Transportation System (DTS) which is that portion of the Nation's transportation infrastructure that supports the DOD transportation needs in peace and war (JP 4-01). When these needs exceed the Service's lift capabilities, commercial industry supports the DOD with contracts and agreements such as the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) and the Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement. The Civil Reserve Air Fleet is a program in which the DOD contracts for the services of specific aircraft, owned by a U.S. entity or citizen, during national emergencies and defense-oriented situations when expanded civil augmentation of military airlift activity is required (JP 3-17). The Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement is an agreement that provides the DOD with assured access to United States flag assets, both vessel capacity and intermodal systems, to meet DOD contingency requirements (JP 4-01.2). These commercial assets help to sustain the projection of combat power in support of unified land operations U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM), a strategic provider, resources and allocates sealift and airlift to support the combatant commanders. This is accomplished by USTRANSCOM's Service components; Air Mobility Command (AMC), Military Sealift Command (MSC) and Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC).