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Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries – A Global Perspective: A Global Perspective (V1 + V2) de AK Whitfield

Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries – A Global Perspective: A Global Perspective (V1 + V2)

Autor AK Whitfield
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 2 mar 2022

Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries: A Global Perspective brings together the current state of knowledge of estuarine fish in one inclusive work. Featuring contributions by more than fifty internationally-recognized researchers and estuarine ichthyological specialists, this landmark resource covers fish assemblages and functional groups, recruitment and production in estuaries, feeding ecology and trophic dynamics, fisheries and the conservation of estuarine fish, and much more.

Thirteen in-depth chapters and two method appendices examine major aspects of fish and fisheries in estuaries throughout the world. The text describes the biology of estuarine fish and their connections with estuarine and adjacent marine and freshwater ecosystems, as well as examining the ways human industrialization and global events such as climate change are impacting both native and non-native species. Topics include habitat diversity, fish foraging behavior, ecological engineering tools and models, hazards and risks to estuarine fish and fisheries, and estuarine environmental health. Offering detailed information on the biology and ecology of estuarine fish and fisheries, this authoritative reference:

  • Explores current approaches and future research directions aimed at achieving a balance between exploitation and conservation of estuarine fishes
  • Discusses environmental quality objectives and sustainable management of estuary fisheries
  • Addresses the impacts of increased human use of resources such as food, space, and water to estuarine fish and fisheries
  • Features numerous international case studies of management of fisheries, threatened species, estuarine rehabilitation, reproduction and ontogeny, and others
  • Covers study and sampling methods, field equipment, and data processing, analysis, and interpretation

Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries: A Global Perspective is an indispensable tool and reference point for fish biologists, fisheries scientists, ecologists and environmental scientists, aquatic ecologists, conservation biologists, estuarine managers and advanced students and instructors in fish biology and fisheries programs.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9781444336672
ISBN-10: 1444336673
Pagini: 1120
Dimensiuni: 208 x 264 x 64 mm
Greutate: 3.33 kg
Ediția:2 Volume Set
Editura: Wiley
Locul publicării:Chichester, United Kingdom

Cuprins

Dedication Preface Author Details Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Scope of the book 1.2 Reasons why this synthesis is important 1.3 Estuary definition and types 1.4 Chapter descriptions 1.5 Conclusions 1.6 References Chapter 2: Fish Assemblages and Functional Groups 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Zoogeography and estuarine fish assemblages 2.3 Estuarine typology and fish assemblages 2.4 Fish guilds and functional groups 2.4.1 Estuarine Use Functional Group (EUFG) 2.4.2 Feeding Mode Functional Group (FMFG) 2.4.3 Reproductive Mode Functional Group (RMFG) 2.5 Do functional groups drive fish assemblage structure? 2.6 Fish functional groups and guild analyses 2.7 Acknowledgements 2.8 References Chapter 3: Reproduction, Ontogeny and Recruitment 3.1 Introduction Scope of the Chapter 3.2 Estuarine support of reproduction and recruitment 3.2.1 Replenishment: modes and patterns 3.2.1.1 Modes of reproduction 3.2.1.2 Early life stages and nurseries 3.2.2 Sources of variability in reproductive success and recruitment 3.2.2.1 Habitat and water quality 3.2.2.2 Hydrography and physics 3.2.2.3 Foods of early life stages 3.2.2.4 Predators 3.2.2.5 Weather, climate and estuarine change 3.3 Early-life stages and recruitment dynamics 3.3.1 Dispersal, transport and retention 3.3.1.1 Offshore to estuary transport processes 3.3.1.2 Swimming as a transport mechanism 3.3.1.3 Near- and within-estuary transport processes 3.3.1.4 Retention: estuarine features and processes 3.3.2 Settlement 3.3.3 Larval and juvenile production processes 3.3.3.1 Larval feeding Ontogenetic shifts and feeding success Nutritional considerations 3.3.4 Larval and juvenile production: growth and mortality 3.3.4.1 Rates and variability Stage durations 3.3.4.2 Predation 3.3.4.3 Environmental factors 3.4 Adults and recruitment 3.4.1 Adult stock 3.4.1.1 Stock structure, contingents and cohorts 3.4.1.2 Maternal effects 3.4.2 Scales and patterns of variability in reproductive success 3.4.2.1 Recruitment levels and variability 3.4.2.2 Adult stock and recruitment 3.4.2.3 Predicting and forecasting recruitment 3.4.3 Recruitment: an integrated, evolved process 3.5 Threats to reproduction and recruitment in estuaries 3.5.1 Excessive fishing: depletion of adults and bycatch of juveniles 3.5.2 Habitat destruction and degradation 3.5.3 Impoundments and flow regulation 3.5.4 Power plants 3.5.5 Estuary contaminants, water quality degradation 3.5.6 Eutrophication 3.5.7 Climate change 3.5.8 Catastrophic events 3.6 Case Studies 3.6.1 Pleuronectiformes 3.6.2 Sciaenidae 3.6.3 Anchoa mitchilli (Engraulidae) 3.6.4 Brevoortia tyrannus and Brevoortia spp. (Clupeidae) 3.6.5 Morone saxatilis (Moronidae) 3.6.6 Gadidae and Clupeidae (Baltic Sea) 3.6.7 Lateolabrax japonicus (Lateolabracidae) 3.6.8 Fundulus heteroclitus (Fundulidae) 3.7 Summary and conclusions 3.8 Acknowledgements 3.9 References Chapter 4: Habitat Use and Connectivity 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Habitat diversity 4.2.1 Water column habitat 4.2.2 Unstructured shallow habitats 4.2.3 Structured benthic habitats 4.2.3.1 Salt marshes 4.2.3.2 Submerged aquatic vegetation 4.2.3.3 Mangroves 4.2.3.4 Shellfish beds 4.2.3.5 Woody debris 4.2.3.6 Rocky and gravel bottoms 4.3 Geomorphological and hydrological variables 4.4. Physico-chemical variables 4.5 Dynamics of juvenile habitat use 4.5.1 Temperature effects 4.5.2 Salinity effects 4.5.3 Diadromy 4.5.4 Settlement habitats 4.5.5 Connectivity among habitats 4.5.6 Alien species 4.6 Adult habitat 4.7 Habitat fidelity and juvenile and adult fishes 4.8 Ecological context 4.9 Connectivity between estuarine, freshwater and marine ecosystems 4.9.1 Migrations into estuaries 4.9.2 Migrations out of estuaries 4.9.3 Migrations between estuaries 4.10 Conclusions 4.11 Acknowledgements 4.12 References *Chapter 5: Feeding Ecology and Trophic Dynamics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Fish foraging behaviour and food intake 5.2.1 Prey detection 5.2.2 Feeding periodicity 5.2.3 Food intake 5.2.4 Feeding movements and migrations 5.3 Factors influencing feeding ecology 5.3.1 Environmental factors 5.3.1.1 Water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen 5.3.1.2 Tidal regime and substratum composition 5.3.2 Biological factors 5.3.2.1 Body size 5.3.2.2 Ontogenetic changes in fish diets 5.3.3 Foraging specializations 5.3.4 Opportunistic versus specialised feeding 5.4 Ecotrophomorphology 5.5 Trophic categorization 5.5.1 Herbivorous species 5.5.2 Detritivorous species 5.5.3 Zoobenthivorous species 5.5.4 Zooplanktivorous species 5.5.5 Piscivorous species 5.5.5.1 Cannabilism 5.6 Competition, resource partitioning, energy flow and connectivity 5.6.1 Intraspecific and interspecific competition 5.6.2 Resource portioning 5.6.3 Energy flow and connectivity 5.7 Fishbase approach to Functional Feeding Groups 5.7.1 Example of a FFG analysis 5.8 Fish food sources in estuaries 5.8.1 Submerged macrophyte habitats 5.8.2 Emergent macrophyte habitats 5.9 Food web complexity 5.9.1 Vertical and horizontal feeding patterns by fishes 5.10 Predators of fish in estuaries 5.10.1 Invertebrates 5.10.2 Birds 5.10.3 Reptiles 5.10.4 Mammals 5.11 Effects of natural and anthropogenic perturbations on food webs 5.12 Acknowledgements 5.13 References Chapter 6: Fishes and Estuarine Environmental Health 6.1 Estuarine environmental health: concepts, definitions and assessment 6.2 Anthropogenic pressures impacting estuarine fish assemblages 6.2.1 Habitat loss and physical degradation 6.2.2 Pollution 6.2.3 River flow regulation 6.2.4 Fisheries and aquaculture 6.2.5 Non-indigenous species 6.2.6 Climate change 6.2.7 Integration of human pressures: the global change context 6.3 Fishes biomarkers responding to human pressures 6.3.1 Fish biomarkers and biomagnification 6.3.2 Biomarkers of exposure 6.4 Fishes as biological indicators 6.5 Main methodological approaches to assess estuarine health using fish as indicators 6.5.1 Historical data and reference conditions 6.5.2 Experimental approaches 6.5.3 Environmental impact assessment and other risk assessment methods 6.5.4 Qualitative methods 6.5.5 Quantitative indicators 6.5.6 Models 6.6 Environmental health fish-based indices 6.7 Disentangling fish responses in the multi-stress context of global changes 6.7.1 Univariate approaches 6.7.2 Multivariate approaches 6.8 Future research directions 6.9 References Chapter 7: Climate Change and Fishes in Estuaries 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Global, regional and local patterns 7.2.1 Predictors of fish taxonomic diversity at global and regional scales 7.2.2 Predictors of fish taxonomic diversity at local scales 7.2.3 Predictors of fish functional diversity at global, regional and local scales 7.3 Potential impacts of environmental/climate stressors on estuarine fish 7.3.1 Salinity and freshwater flow impacts 7.3.2 Temperature impacts 7.3.3 Dissolved oxygen impacts 7.3.4 Impacts of elevated CO2 7.3.5 Sea level rise 7.3.6 Estuary entrance channel openings and fish access 7.3.7 Disease 7.4 Climate change and fisheries in estuaries 7.4.1 Links to fisheries catches 7.4.2 Socio-economic effects and management implications 7.5 Case studies 7.5.1 Arctic 7.5.2 Temperate northern Atlantic 7.5.3 Temperate northern Pacific 7.5.4 Tropical Atlantic 7.5.5 Indo-Pacific 7.5.6 Temperate South America 7.5.7 Temperate southern Africa 7.5.8 Temperate Australia 7.6 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions 7.7 Acknowledgements 7.8 References Chapter 8: Estuarine Degradation and Rehabilitation 8.1 Introduction 8.1.1 Hazards and risks to estuarine fish and fisheries and their habitats 8.1.2 Effects of climate change on estuarine fish and fisheries 8.1.3 Effects of estuarine degradation on ecosystem services 8.1.4 Effects of estuarine degradation on water quality and impacts on fish 8.1.5 Heavy metals 8.1.6 Organic pollutants 8.1.7 Pharmaceutical and personal care products 8.1.8 Nutrients 8.1.9 Effects on water quantity, hydropeak and flow alteration on fish 8.1.10 Effects on fishing 8.2 Estuarine restoration and habitat creation 8.3 Current practices 8.4 Ecological engineering 8.5 Contribution of modelling tools to more process-based restoration objectives 8.5.1 Introduction 8..5.2 Framework 8.5.2.1 Towards a more process-orientated approach 8.5.2.2 Towards integrated objectives 8.6 Why modelling processes? 8.6.1 Physical phenomena 8.6.2 Species use of the estuarine environment and compartmental interactions 8.6.3 Overview 8.7 Modelling tools 8.7.1 Biogeochemical modelling 8.7.2 Hydromorphological-sedimentary modelling 8.8 Life cycle modelling 8.8.1 'Static' approaches: statistical habitat suitability 8.8.2 Dynamic approach: the probability to attaining suitable habitats 8.9 Food web modelling 8.10 The way forward 8.11 From theory to practice 8.11.1 A case study of restoration in the Schelde Estuary 8.11.2 Ecological restoration by opportunity: an example from the Gironde Estuary 8.11.2.1 Gironde restoration summary 8.11.3 Case study - restoration of former salt hay farms 8.11.4 Case study - habitat alteration and restoration linked to a common reed invasion 8.11.5 Restoration of whole estuaries and wetland systems 8.12 Concluding comments 8.13 Acknowledgements 8.14 References Chapter 9: Estuarine Fisheries 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Estuarine fishery sectors 9.3 Problems and issues in fisheries 9.4 Fishery yields 9.5 Estuarine fisheries: a selection of case studies 9.5.1 Asian fisheries 9.5.1.1 The Hilsa Fishery, South Asia 9.5.1.2 The Lake Chilika Fishery, India 9.5.1.3 The Pichavaram Fishery, India 9.5.1.4 The Larut-Matang Fishery, Indonesia 9.5.2 African fisheries 9.5.2.1 The Kosi Bay Lakes Fishery, South Africa 9.5.2.2 The Sundays Estuary Fishery, South Africa 9.5.2.3 The Ébrié Lagoon Fishery, Ivory Coast 9.5.3 South and Central American fisheries 9.5.3.1 The Gulf of Nicoya Fishery, Costa Rica 9.5.3.2 The Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta Fishery, Columbia 9.5.3.3 The fisheries of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela 9.5.3.4 The Valenca Delta Fishery, Brazil 9.5.4 Australasian fisheries 9.5.4.1 Lates calcarifer fisheries of Australia and Papua New Guinea 9.5.5 European and North American fisheries 9.6 The main fishery species in Europe and North America 9.6.1 Diadromous species 9.6.2 Marine seasonal migrants as adults 9.6.3 Marine migrants as juveniles 9.6.4 Estuarine-resident species 9.7 Connectivity 9.8 Concluding remarks 9.9 Acknowledgements 9.10 References Chapter 10: Conservation of Estuarine Fishes 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Analysis of threats to estuarine fish conservation 10.2.1 Fisheries 10.2.2 Habitat alteration/loss 10.2.3 Water quality and quantity alterations 10.2.4 Climate change 10.2.5 Non-native species 10.3 Conservation interventions and instruments 10.3.1 Legislative frameworks 10.3.1.1 International initiatives 10.3.1.2 Regional initiatives 10.3.1.3 National initiatives 10.3.1.4 Environmental non-governmental organisations 10.3.2 Role of protected areas 10.3.3 Rehabilitation and habitat restoration 10.3.4 Catchment conservation 10.3.5 Captive breeding and stocking 10.4 Threatened species and extinction risk: some case studies 10.4.1 Estuarine pipefish Syngnathus watermeyeri 10.4.2 Ganges shark Glyphis gangeticus 10.4.3 Totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi 10.4.4 European eel Anguilla anguilla 10.4.5 Cape stumpnose Rhabdosargus holubi 10.5 Current and future challenges 10.6 Conclusions 10.7 Acknowledgements and dedication 10.8 References Chapter 11: Non-native Species in Estuaries 11.1 Introduction 11.2 What conditions favor non-native species in estuaries? 11.2.1 Overview 11.2.2 San Francisco Estuary 11.2.3 Baltic Sea 11.2.4 Chesapeake Bay 11.2.5 Tagus Estuary 11.2.6 South African estuaries 11.2.7 Overview 11.3 What are the characteristics of successful non-native estuarine fishes? 11.3.1 General characteristics 11.3.2 Taxonomy 11.3.3 Mode of introduction 11.4 Do non-native species become integrated into the biota of estuaries? 11.4.1 Alternatives to species invasions 11.4.2 Novel species, novel ecosystems 11.4.3 Overview 11.5 How should non-native species in estuaries be managed? 11.6 How do non-native fishes fit into estuarine ecosystems? 11.7 Conclusions 11.8 Acknowledgements 11.9 References Chapter 12: Management of Fishes and Fisheries in Estuaries 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Management background, aims and philosophies 12.2.1 Background and basis for management 12.2.2 Environmental Quality Objectives and sustainable management 12.2.2.1 Indicators and monitoring as tools in management 12.2.3 Information for estuarine management 12.2.3.1 Information needs and communicating management issues 12.2.3.2 Information and data production, use and dissemination 12.2.4 Case studies of priority issues for management 12.2.4.1 Australia 12.2.4.2 Humber (UK) 12.2.4.3 United States of America 12.3 Management of activities and habitats, monitoring and surveillance 12.3.1 Estuarine environmental management 12.3.2 Monitoring of activities for management 12.3.3 Licencing of plans and projects 12.3.4 Cumulative effects assessment 12.3.5 Management of recreational fishing 12.3.6 Management of habitats 12.3.6.1 Management of loss and gain in estuarine habitats 12.4 Management approaches at whole catchment and estuary level 12.4.1 Management of catchments 12.4.2 Whole estuary management approaches 12.4.3 Determining if estuarine management is successful 12.4.4 Estuarine management: holistic case studies 12.4.4.1 New Zealand 12.4.4.2 Japan 12.4.4.3 South Africa 12.4.4.4 Eastern United States of America 12.4.4.5 Western United States of America 12.5 Management of species and stocks/fisheries 12.5.1 Background 12.5.2 Management of species and stocks case studies 12.5.2.1 United Kingdom 12.5.2.2 Baltic Sea 12.5.2.3 Australia 12.5.2.4 United States of America 12.6 Administrative and legal aspects of managing estuarine fish ecology and fisheries 12.6.1 Governance background 12.6.2 European legislation 12.6.2.1 The Water Framework Directive 12.6.2.2 Habitat and Species Directive 12.6.3 Administrative bodies 12.6.3.1 Management authorities: the Humber Estuary, UK example 12.6.3.2 Laws and administration: the USA example 12.7 Main messages and recommendations for management 12.8 Future research into management methods 12.9 Acknowledgements 12.10 References Chapter 13: Fish and Fisheries in Estuaries: Global Synthesis and Future Research Directions 13.1 Introduction - Changing estuarine landscapes: habitats, research and society 13.2 What fishes are in estuaries and why? 13.3 Estuarine fish recruitment and habitats - connectivity across space and time 13.3.1 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions 13.4 How much do we really understand about the role of fish in an estuarine food web? 13.4.1 Background 13.4.2 Fish food resources in estuaries 13.4.3 Factors influencing feeding movements, foraging ecology and migrations 13.4.4 Trophic categorization 13.4.5 Resource partitioning, energy flow and food web complexity 13.4.6 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions 13.5 Fishes - good indicators of environmental change? 13.5.1 Background to the integration of human pressures 13.5.2 Fishes as biological indicators 13.5.3 Environmental health fish-based indices 13.5.4 Disentangling fish responses in the multi-stress context of global changes 13.5.5 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions 13.6 Climate change and habitat degradation - a double whammy for fish in estuaries? 13.6.1 Background 13.6.2 Climate change 13.6.3 Habitat degradation 13.6.4 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions 13.7 Estuarine species are invading and shifting their distributions 13.7.1 Invasions of non-native species 13.7.2 The ebb and flow: geographical expansion and contraction of species 13.7.3 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions 13.8 The importance and future of fisheries in estuaries - societal goods and benefits? 13.8.1 Fisheries management in the future 13.9 Estuarine fish conservation for the future 13.9.1 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions 13.10 Restoring and managing estuaries for fish, fisheries and habitats 13.10.1 Management actions for restoring and rehabilitating estuaries 13.10.2 Gaps in knowledge and future research directions 13.11 Science-for-policy and policy-for-science - role of estuarine ichthyologists? 13.12 Fish and fisheries research in estuaries - the way forward 13.13 Acknowledgements 13.14 References Appendix 1: Study Methods I - Field Equipment, Sampling and Methods A1.1 Introduction A1.2 Sampling methods A1.2.1 'Traditional' sampling (nets and traps) A1.2.1.1 Trawl nets Beam trawl Otter trawl Pelagic trawl Other trawls A1.2.1.2 Seine nets Beach seine Other seine nets A1.2.1.3 Fixed nets and traps Fyke net Fixed net/trap (e.g. salmon and eel traps) Stow net Entangling nets (gill and trammel nets) Drop net and drop traps Pop net and pull-up traps Other fixed nets and traps A1.2.1.4 Fishing lines Long lines Hand line A1.2.1.5 Ichthyoplankton samplers Vertical and horizontal plankton nets Bongo net Gulf sampler Larval light traps A1.2.1.6 Power station screens A1.2.1.7 Hand gathering methods Glass eel tow net and elver dip net Push net Kick sampling A1.2.2 Visual and acoustic methods A1.2.2.1 Visual detection Diving Underwater video A1.2.2.2 Acoustic detection Hydroacoustics Acoustic cameras Acoustic telemetry A1.2.2.3 Other observation techniques A1.2.3 Environmental DNA methods A1.2.3.1 DNA analysis DNA and eDNA methods Targeted PCR methods High-throughput sequencing A1.2.3.2 Strengths and disadvantages of DNA-based methods Feasibility and costs eDNA and the possible presence of an organism in that environment Can eDNA provide quantitative information? DNA techniques for environmental monitoring A1.3 Factors influencing the design of fish monitoring programmes A1.3.1 Monitoring techniques A1.3.2 Spatial considerations A1.3.3 Temporal considerations A1.3.4 A decision tree for monitoring, surveillance and survey design A1.3.4.1 Decision level 1: definition of main questions and hypotheses A1.3.4.2 Decision level 2: monitoring definition A1.3.4.3 Decision level 3: types of survey required/desired A1.3.4.4 Decision level 4: associated parameters/integrated monitoring A1.3.4.5 Decision level 5: methods to be used in monitoring A1.4 Acknowledgements A1.5 References Appendix 2: Study Methods II - Data Processing, Analysis and Interpretation A2.1 Introduction A2.2 Individual level A2.2.1 Size A2.2.2 Age/growth determination (otoliths/scales) A2.2.3 Diet and stomach analyses A2.2.3.1 Prey selectivity and prey importance A2.2.4 Sex/gonad development (Gonadosomatic Index) A2.2.5 External bodies abnormalities and fish health A2.2.6 Toxins and bioaccumulation A2.3 Population level A2.3.1 Abundance A2.3.2 Biomass A2.3.3 Condition, disease, parasitism, and liver somatic index A2.3.4 Genetic structure A2.3.5 Cohort analysis A2.3.6 Growth, mortality rates and models A2.3.7 Production A2.3.7.1 Biological production A2.3.7.2 Fisheries production A2.3.8 Yield models A2.3.9 Use of fishery statistics A2.4 Community level A2.4.1 Community structure A2.4.2 Multi-metric fish-based indices A2.5 General analysis methods and the role of models A2.5.1 The types and roles of numerical models A2.6 Precision versus accuracy - Analytical Quality Control/Quality Assurance A2.7 Concluding comments A2.8 Acknowledgements A2.9 References Fish Species Index Geographical Index General Index