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Fit for Developing Software: Framework for Integrated Tests

Autor Rick Mugridge, Ward Cunningham
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 31 mai 2005
"The unique thing about Fit for Developing Software is the way it addresses the interface between customers/testers/analysts and programmers. All will find something in the book about how others wish to be effectively communicated with. A Fit book for programmers wouldn't make sense because the goal is to create a language for business-oriented team members. A Fit book just for businesspeople wouldn't make sense because the programmers have to be involved in creating that language. The result is a book that should appeal to a wide range of people whose shared goal is improving team communications."
--Kent Beck, Three Rivers Institute
"Even with the best approaches, there always seemed to be a gap between the software that was written and the software the user wanted. With Fit we can finally close the loop. This is an important piece in the agile development puzzle."
--Dave Thomas, coauthor of The Pragmatic Programmer
"Ward and Rick do a great job in eschewing the typical, overly complicated technology trap by presenting a simple, user-oriented, and very usable technology that holds fast to the agile principles needed for success in this new millennium."
--Andy Hunt, coauthor of The Pragmatic Programmer
"Florida Tech requires software engineering students to take a course in programmer testing, which I teach. Mugridge and Cunningham have written a useful and instructive book, which will become one of our course texts."
--Cem Kaner, Professor of Software Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology
"Rick and Ward continue to amaze me. Testing business rules is a fundamentally hard thing that has confounded many, and yet these two have devised a mechanism that cuts to the essence of the problem. In this work they offer a simple, thorough, approachable, and automatable means of specifying and testing such rules."
--Grady Booch, IBM Fellow
"By providing a simple, effective method for creating and automating tabular examples of requirements, Fit has dramatically improved how domain experts, analysts, testers, and programmers collaborate to produce quality software."
--Joshua Kerievsky, founder, Industrial Logic, Inc., and author of Refactoring to Patterns
"Agile software development relies on collaborating teams, teams of customers, analysts, designers, developers, testers, and technical writers. But, how do they work together? Fit is one answer, an answer that has been thoroughly thought through, implemented, and tested in a number of situations. Primavera has significantly stabilized its product lineusing Fit, and I'm so impressed by the results that I'm suggesting it to everyone I know. Rick and Ward, in their everlasting low-key approach, have again put the keystone in the arch of software development. Congratulations and thanks from the software development community."
--Ken Schwaber, Scrum Alliance, Agile Alliance, and codeveloper of Scrum
"Fit is the most important new technique for understanding and communicating requirements. It's a revolutionary approach to bringing experts and programmers together. This book describes Fit comprehensively and authoritatively. If you want to produce great software, you need to read this book."
--James Shore, Principal, Titanium I.T. LLC
"There are both noisy and quiet aspects of the agile movement and it is often the quieter ones that have great strategic importance. This book by Ward and Rick describes one of these absolutely vital, but often quieter, practices--testing business requirements. A renewed focus on testing, from test-driven development for developers to story testing for customers, is one of the agile community's great contributions to our industry, and this book will become one of the cornerstones of that contribution. Stories are done-done (ready for release) when they have been tested by both developers (done) and customers (done-done). The concepts and practices involved in customer story testing are critical to project success and wonderfully portrayed in this book. Buy it. Read it. Keep it handy in your day-to-day work."
--Jim Highsmith, Director of Agile Software Development & Project Management Practice, Cutter Consortium
"I have been influenced by many books, but very few have fundamentally changed how I think and work. This is one of those books. The ideas in this book describe not just how to use a specific framework in order to test our software, but also how we should communicate about and document that software. This book is an excellent guide to a tool and approach that will fundamentally improve how you think about and build software--as it has done for me."
--Mike Cohn, Mountain Goat Software, author of User Stories Applied
"Fit is a tool to help whole teams grow a common language for describing and testing the behavior of software. This books fills a critical gap--helping both product owners and programmers learn what Fit is and how to use it well."
--Bill Wake, independent consultant
"Over the past several years, I've been using Fit and FitNesse with development teams. They are not only free and powerful testing tools, they transform development by making the behavior of applications concrete, verifiable, and easily observable. The only thing that has been missing is a good tutorial and reference. Rick Mugridge and Ward Cunningham's Fit For Developing Software fits the bill. Essentially, two books in one, it is a very readable guide that approaches Fit from technical and nontechnical perspectives. This book is a significant milestone and it will make higher software quality achievable for many teams."
--Michael C. Feathers, author of Working Effectively with Legacy Code, and consultant, Object Mentor, Inc.
"Wow! This is the book I wish I had on my desk when I did my first story test-driven development project. It explains the philosophy behind the Fit framework and a process for using it to interact with the customers to help define the requirements of the project. It makes Fit so easy and approachable that I wrote my first FitNesse tests before I even I finished the book.
"For the price of one book, you get two, written by the acknowledged thought leaders of Fit testing. The first is written for the nonprogramming customer. It lays out how you can define the functionality of the system you are building (or modifying) using tabular data. It introduces a range of different kinds of 'test fixtures' that interpret the data and exercise the system under test. While it is aimed at a nontechnical audience, even programmers will find it useful because it also describes the process for interacting with the customers, using the Fit tests as the focal point of the interaction.
"The second 'book' is targeted to programmers. It describes how to build each kind of fixture described in the first book. It also describes many other things that need to be considered to have robust automated tests--things like testing without a database to make tests run faster. A lot of the principles will be familiar to programmers who have used any member of the xUnit family of unit testing frameworks. Rick and Ward show you how to put it into practice in a very easy-to-read narrative style that uses a fictitious case study to lead you through all the practices and decisions you are likely to encounter."
--Gerard Meszaros, ClearStream Consulting
The Fit open source testing framework brings unprecedented agility to the entire development process. Fit for Developing Software shows you how to use Fit to clarify business rules, express them with concrete examples, and organize the examples into test tables that drive testing throughout the software lifecycle. Using a realistic case study, Rick Mugridge and Ward Cunningham--the creator of Fit--introduce each of Fit's underlying concepts and techniques, and explain how you can put Fit to work incrementally, with the lowest possible risk. Highlights include
  • Integrating Fit into your development processes
  • Using Fit to promote effective communication between businesspeople, testers, and developers
  • Expressing business rules that define calculations, decisions, and business processes
  • Connecting Fit tables to the system with "fixtures" that check whether tests are actually satisfied
  • Constructing tests for code evolution, restructuring, and other changes to legacy systems
  • Managing the quality and evolution of tests
  • A companion Web site (http://fit.c2.com/) that offers additional resources and source code


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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780321269348
ISBN-10: 0321269349
Pagini: 384
Dimensiuni: 180 x 234 x 23 mm
Greutate: 0.71 kg
Ediția:New.
Editura: Prentice Hall
Locul publicării:Upper Saddle River, United States

Cuprins

Foreword.
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
About the Authors.
1. Introduction.
    The Need for Fit
    The Value of Fit Tables
    Fit and Business Roles
    Organization of the Book
    The Book's Use of Color
I. INTRODUCING FIT TABLES.
2. Communicating with Tables.
    Fit Tables
    Tables for Communicating
    Tables for Testing
    Tables, Fixtures, and a System Under Test
    Reading Fit Tables
3. Testing Calculations with ColumnFixture Tables.
    Calculating Discount
    Reports: Traffic Lights
    Calculating Credit
    Selecting a Phone Number
    Summary
    Exercises
4. Testing Business Processes with ActionFixture Tables.
    Buying Items
    Actions on a Chat Server
    Summary
    Exercises
5. Testing Lists with RowFixture Tables.
    Testing Lists Whose Order Is Unimportant
    Testing Lists Whose Order Is Important
    Summary
    Exercises
6. Testing with Sequences of Tables.
    Chat Room Changes
    Discount Group Changes
    Summary
    Exercises
7. Creating Tables and Running Fit.
    Using Spreadsheets for Tests
    Organizing Tests in Test Suites
    Using HTML for Tests
    Summary
    Exercises
8. Using FitNesse.
    Introduction
    Getting Started
    Organizing Tests with Subwikis
    Test Suites
    Ranges of Values
    Other Features
    Summary
    Exercises
9. Expecting Errors.
    Expected Errors with Calculations
    Expected Errors with Actions
    Summary
10. FitLibrary Tables.
    Flow-Style Actions with DoFixture
    Expected Errors with DoFixture
    Actions on Domain Objects with DoFixture
    Setup
    CalculateFixture Tables
    Ordered List Tables
    Testing Parts of a List
    Summary
    Exercises
11. A Variety of Tables.
    Business Forms
    Testing Associations
    Two-Dimensional Images
    Summary
    Exercises
II. DEVELOPING TABLES FOR RENTAPARTYSOFTWARE.
12. Introducing Fit at RentAPartySoftware.
    RentAPartySoftware
    Development Issues
    An Initial Plan
    The Cast
    The Rest of This Part
    Summary
    Exercises
13. Getting Started: Emily and Don's First Table.
    Introduction
    Choosing Where to Start
    The Business Rule
    Starting Simple
    Adding the Grace Period
    Adding High-Demand Items
    Reports
    Seth's Return
    Summary
    Exercises
14. Testing a Business Process: Cash Rentals.
    Introduction
    Cash Rentals
    Split and Restructure
    Which Client
    Summary
    Exercises
15. Tests Involving the Date and Time.
    Introduction
    Charging a Deposit
    Dates
    Business Transactions
    Sad Paths
    Reports
    Summary
    Exercises
16. Transforming Workflow Tests into Calculation Tests.
    Introduction
    Testing Calculations Instead
    Using Durations
    Reports
    Summary
    Exercises
17. Story Test-Driven Development with Fit.
    Introduction
    The Stories
    The First Storytests
    The Planning Game
    Adding to the Storytests
    Progress During the Iteration
    Exploratory Testing at Iteration End
    Summary
    Exercises
18. Designing and Refactoring Tests to Communicate Ideas.
    Principles of Test Design
    Fit Tests for Business Rules
    Workflow Tests
    Calculation Tests
    List Tests
    Tests and Change
    Automation of Tests
    Summary
19. Closing for Nonprogrammers.
    The Value of Fit Tables
    Getting Fit at RentAPartySoftware
III. INTRODUCING FIT FIXTURES.
20. Connecting Tables and Applications.
    Writing Fixtures
    Fixtures and Traffic Lights
21. Column Fixtures.
    Fixture CalculateDiscount
    Extending Credit
    Selecting a Phone Number
    ColumnFixture in General
    Summary
    Exercises
22. Action Fixtures.
    Buying Items
    Changing State of Chat Room
    ActionFixture in General
    Summary
    Exercises
23. List Fixtures.
    Testing Unordered Lists
    Testing Ordered Lists
    Testing a List with Parameters
    Summary
    Exercises
24. Fixtures for Sequences of Tables.
    Chat Room Fixtures
    Discount Group Fixtures
    Summary
    Exercises
25. Using Other Values in Tables.
    Standard Values
    Values of Money
    Values in FitNesse and the Flow Fixtures
    Summary
    Exercises
26. Installing and Running Fit.
    Installing Fit and FitLibrary
    Running Fit on Folders
    Running Fit on HTML Files
    Running Tests During the Build
    Other Ways to Run Tests
    Summary
27. Installing FitNesse.
    Installation
    Locating the Code
    Larger-Scale Use with Virtual Wiki
    Debugging FitNesse Tests
    Summary
    Exercises
28. FitLibrary Fixtures.
    Flow-Style Actions with DoFixture
    DoFixtures as Adapters
    Using SetFixture
    Expected Errors with DoFixture
    Actions on Domain Objects with DoFixture
    DoFixture in General
    Setup
    CalculateFixture Tables
    Ordered-List Tables
    Testing Parts of a List
    Using Other Values in Flow Tables
    Summary
    Exercises
29. Custom Table Fixtures.
    Business Forms
    Testing Associations
    Two-Dimensional Images
    Summary
IV. DEVELOPING FIXTURES FOR RENTAPARTYSOFTWARE.
30. Fixtures and Adapting the Application.
    Introduction
    The Programmers' Perspective
    System Architecture
    Test Infecting for Improvements
    The Rest of This Part
31. Emily's First Fixture.
    The Table
    Developing the Fixture
    Summary
    Exercises
32. Fixtures Testing Through the User Interface.
    Introduction
    Spike
    The Fixtures
    The Adapter
    Showing Others
    Summary
33. Restructuring the System for Testing.
    Test Infecting
    Slow Tests
    Setup
    Barriers to Testing
    Transactions
    Transaction Fixture
    Split Domain and Data Source Layers
    Reduce Interdependencies
    Summary
34. Mocks and Clocks.
    Introduction
    Changing the Date
    Time-Related Object Interactions
    Date Formatting
    Changing the Application in Small Steps
    Summary
35. Running Calculation Tests Indirectly.
    Testing Directly
    Testing Indirectly
    Summary
36. Closing for Programmers at RPS.
    The Value of Fit Tables
    Getting Fit at RPS
V. CUSTOM DEVELOPMENT.
37. The Architecture of Fit.
    Running Fit
    Parse Tree
    doTable()
    Counts in Class Fixture
    The Fixture Subclasses
    TypeAdapter
    Summary
    Exercises
38. Developing Custom Fixtures.
    Using SetUpFixture
    SetUpFixture
    ImageFixture
    Summary
39. Custom Runners.
    Runners
    Calculator Runner
    Reading Tests from a Text File
    Reading Tests from a Spreadsheet
    Summary
40. Model-Based Test Generation.
    Symmetries: Operations That Cancel Each Other
    Generate a Simple Sequence
    Generate an Interleaved Sequence
    Summary
    Exercises
VI. APPENDICES.
Appendix A: Background Material.
    Testing
    Agile Software Development
    Ubiquitous Language
Appendix B: Book Resources Web Site.
Appendix C: Fit and Other Programming Languages.
    Table Portability
    Other Programming Languages
Bibliography.
Index.

Notă biografică

Rick Mugridge runs his own company, Rimu Research, and is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. He specializes in Agile software development, automated testing, test-driven development, and user interfaces. Rick is one of the world's leading developers of Fit fixtures and tools, and is the creator of the FitLibrary.
Ward Cunningham is widely respected for his contributions to the practices of object-oriented development, Extreme Programming, and software agility. Cofounder of Cunningham & Cunningham, Inc., he has served as Director of R&D at Wyatt Software and as principal engineer at the Tektronix Computer Research Laboratory. Ward led the creation of Fit, and is responsible for innovations ranging from the CRC design method to WikiWikiWeb.



Textul de pe ultima copertă

"The unique thing about "Fit for Developing Software" is the way it addresses the interface between customers/testers/analysts and programmers. All will find something in the book about how others wish to be effectively communicated with. A Fit book for programmers wouldn't make sense because the goal is to create a language for business-oriented team members. A Fit book just for businesspeople wouldn't make sense because the programmers have to be involved in creating that language. The result is a book that should appeal to a wide range of people whose shared goal is improving team communications."

--Kent Beck, Three Rivers Institute

"Even with the best approaches, there always seemed to be a gap between the software that was written and the software the user wanted. With Fit we can finally close the loop. This is an important piece in the agile development puzzle."

--Dave Thomas, coauthor of "The Pragmatic Programmer"

"Ward and Rick do a great job in eschewing the typical, overly complicated technology trap by presenting a simple, user-oriented, and very usable technology that holds fast to the agile principles needed for success in this new millennium."

--Andy Hunt, coauthor of "The Pragmatic Programmer"

"Florida Tech requires software engineering students to take a course in programmer testing, which I teach. Mugridge and Cunningham have written a useful and instructive book, which will become one of our course texts."

--Cem Kaner, Professor of Software Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology

"Rick and Ward continue to amaze me. Testing business rules is a fundamentally hard thing that has confounded many, and yet these two have devised a mechanism that cuts to the essence of the problem. In this work they offer a simple, thorough, approachable, and automatable means of specifying and testing such rules."

--Grady Booch, IBM Fellow

"By providing a simple, effective method for creating and automating tabular examples of requirements, Fit has dramatically improved how domain experts, analysts, testers, and programmers collaborate to produce quality software."

--Joshua Kerievsky, founder, Industrial Logic, Inc., and author of "Refactoring to Patterns "

"Agile software development relies on collaborating teams, teams of customers, analysts, designers, developers, testers, and technical writers. But, how do they work together? Fit is one answer, an answer that has been thoroughly thought through, implemented, and tested in a number of situations. Primavera has significantly stabilized its product lineusing Fit, and I'm so impressed by the results that I'm suggesting it to everyone I know. Rick and Ward, in their everlasting low-key approach, have again put the keystone in the arch of software development. Congratulations and thanks from the software development community."

--Ken Schwaber, Scrum Alliance, Agile Alliance, and codeveloper of Scrum

"Fit is the most important new technique for understanding and communicating requirements. It's a revolutionary approach to bringing experts and programmers together. This book describes Fit comprehensively and authoritatively. If you want to produce great software, you need to read this book."

--James Shore, Principal, Titanium I.T. LLC

"There are both noisy and quiet aspects of the agile movement and it is often the quieter ones that have great strategic importance. This book by Ward and Rick describes one of these absolutely vital, but often quieter, practices--testing business requirements. A renewed focus on testing, from test-driven development for developers to story testing for customers, is one of the agile community's great contributions to our industry, and this book will become one of the cornerstones of that contribution. Stories are done-done (ready for release) when they have been tested by both developers (done) and customers (done-done). The concepts and practices involved in customer story testing are critical to project success and wonderfully portrayed in this book. Buy it. Read it. Keep it handy in your day-to-day work."

--Jim Highsmith, Director of Agile Software Development & Project Management Practice, Cutter Consortium

"I have been influenced by many books, but very few have fundamentally changed how I think and work. This is one of those books. The ideas in this book describe not just how to use a specific framework in order to test our software, but also how we should communicate about and document that software. This book is an excellent guide to a tool and approach that will fundamentally improve how you think about and build software--as it has done for me."

--Mike Cohn, Mountain Goat Software, author of "User Stories Applied "

"Fit is a tool to help whole teams grow a common language for describing and testing the behavior of software. This books fills a critical gap--helping both product owners and programmers learn what Fit is and how to use it well."

--Bill Wake, independent consultant

"Over the past several years, I've been using Fit and FitNesse with development teams. They are not only free and powerful testing tools, they transform development by making the behavior of applications concrete, verifiable, and easily observable. The only thing that has been missing is a good tutorial and reference. Rick Mugridge and Ward Cunningham's "Fit For Developing Software" fits the bill. Essentially, two books in one, it is a very readable guide that approaches Fit from technical and nontechnical perspectives. This book is a significant milestone and it will make higher software quality achievable for many teams."

--Michael C. Feathers, author of "Working Effectively with Legacy Code," and consultant, Object Mentor, Inc.

"Wow! This is the book I wish I had on my desk when I did my first story test-driven development project. It explains the philosophy behind the Fit framework and a process for using it to interact with the customers to help define the requirements of the project. It makes Fit so easy and approachable that I wrote my first FitNesse tests before I even I finished the book.

"For the price of one book, you get two, written by the acknowledged thought leaders of Fit testing. The first is written for the nonprogramming customer. It lays out how you can define the functionality of the system you are building (or modifying) using tabular data. It introduces a range of different kinds of 'test fixtures' that interpret the data and exercise the system under test. While it is aimed at a nontechnical audience, even programmers will find it useful because it also describes the process for interacting with the customers, using the Fit tests as the focal point of the interaction.

"The second 'book' is targeted to programmers. It describes how to build each kind of fixture described in the first book. It also describes many other things that need to be considered to have robust automated tests--things like testing without a database to make tests run faster. A lot of the principles will be familiar to programmers who have used any member of the xUnit family of unit testing frameworks. Rick and Ward show you how to put it into practice in a very easy-to-read narrative style that uses a fictitious case study to lead you through all the practices and decisions you are likely to encounter."

--Gerard Meszaros, ClearStream Consulting

The Fit open source testing framework brings unprecedented agility to the entire development process. "Fit for Developing Software" shows you how to use Fit to clarify business rules, express them with concrete examples, and organize the examples into test tables that drive testing throughout the software lifecycle. Using a realistic case study, Rick Mugridge and Ward Cunningham--the creator of Fit--introduce each of Fit's underlying concepts and techniques, and explain how you can put Fit to work incrementally, with the lowest possible risk. Highlights includeIntegrating Fit into your development processesUsing Fit to promote effective communication between businesspeople, testers, and developersExpressing business rules that define calculations, decisions, and business processesConnecting Fit tables to the system with "fixtures" that check whether tests are actually satisfiedConstructing tests for code evolution, restructuring, and other changes to legacy systemsManaging the quality and evolution of testsA companion Web site (http: //fit.c2.com/) that offers additional resources and source code