Forty Studies that Changed Psychology: Explorations into the History of Psychological Research: International Edition
Autor Roger R. Hock, Ph.D.en Limba Engleză Paperback – 17 apr 2008
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9780135045077
ISBN-10: 013504507X
Pagini: 352
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 mm
Greutate: 0.4 kg
Ediția:6Nouă
Editura: Pearson Education
Colecția Pearson Education
Locul publicării:Upper Saddle River, United States
ISBN-10: 013504507X
Pagini: 352
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 mm
Greutate: 0.4 kg
Ediția:6Nouă
Editura: Pearson Education
Colecția Pearson Education
Locul publicării:Upper Saddle River, United States
Cuprins
1 Biology and Human Behavior One Brain or Two?
Gazzaniga, M. S. (1967). The split brain in man. Scientific American, 217(2), 24—29.
More Experience = Bigger Brain
Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. L., & Diamond, M. C. (1972). Brain changes in response to experience. Scientific American, 226(2), 22—29.
Are you A “Natural?”
Bouchard, T., Lykken, D., McGue, M., Segal, N., & Tellegen, A. (1990). Sources of human psychological differences: The Minnesota study of twins reared apart. Science, 250, 223—229.
Watch Out For The Visual Cliff!
Gibson, E. J., & Walk, R. D. (1960). The “visual cliff.” Scientific American, 202(4), 67—71.
2. Perception and Consciousness
TAKE A LONG LOOK . . .
Fantz, , R.L., (1961). The origin of form perception. Scientific American, 204(May), 61-72.
To Sleep, No Doubt to Dream...
Aserinsky, E., & Kleitman, N. (1953). Regularly occurring periods of eye mobility and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Science, 118, 273—274.
Dement, W. (1960). The effect of dream deprivation. Science, 131, 1705—1707.
Unromancing the Dream
Hobson, J. A., & McCarley, R. W. (1977). The brain as a dream-state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 1335—1348.
Acting as if you are Hypnotized
Spanos, N. P. (1982). Hypnotic behavior: A cognitive, social, psychological perspective. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavior, 7, 199—213.
3 Learning
It’S Not Just About Salivating Dogs!
Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes. London: Oxford University Press.
Little Emotional Albert
Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1—14.
Knock Wood!
Skinner, B. F. (1948). Superstition in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 168—172.
See Aggression...Do Aggression!
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575—582.
4 Intelligence, Cognition, and Memory
What You Expect Is What You Get
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1966). Teachers’ expectancies: Determinates of pupils’ IQ gains. Psychological Reports, 19, 115—118.
Just How Are You Intelligent?
Gardner, H. (1983) Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
Maps In Your Mind
Tolman, E. C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55, 189—208.
Thanks For The Memories!
Loftus, E. F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560—572.
5 Human Development
Discovering Love
Harlow, H. F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 673—685.
Out Of Sight, But Not Out Of Mind
Piaget, J. (1954). The development of object concept: The construction of reality in the child (pp. 3—96). New York: Basic Books.
How Moral Are You?
Kohlberg, L. (1963). The development of children’s orientations toward a moral order: Sequence in the development of moral thought. Vita Humana, 6, 11—33.
In Control And Glad Of It!
Langer, E. J., & Rodin, J. (1976). The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 191—198.
6 Emotion And Motivation
A Sexual Motivation...
Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human sexual response. Boston: Little, Brown.
I Can See It All Over Your Face!
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 124—129.
Life, Change, And Stress
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213—218.
Thoughts Out Of Tune
Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203—210.
7 Personality
Are You The Master Of Your Fate?
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1—28.
Masculine or Feminine...or Both?
Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155—162.
Racing Against Your Heart
Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical Association, 169, 1286—1296.
The One; The Many
Triandis, H., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M., Asai, M., & Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323—338.
8 Psychopathology
Who’s Crazy Here, Anyway?
Rosenhan, D. L. (1973). On being sane in insane places. Science, 179, 250—258.
You’Re Getting Defensive Again!
Freud, A. (1946). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York: International Universities Press.
Learning to be Depressed
Seligman, M. E. P., & Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 1—9.
Crowding into the Behavioral Sink
Calhoun, J. B. (1962). Population density and social pathology. Scientific American, 206(3), 139—148.
9 Psychotherapy
Choosing your Psychotherapist
Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752—760.
Relaxing Your Fears Away
Wolpe, J. (1961). The systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 132, 180—203.
Projections of Who You Are
Rorschach, H. (1942). Psychodiagnostics: A diagnostic test based on perception. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Picture This!
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality (pp. 531—545). New York: Oxford University Press.
10 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
A PRISON BY ANY OTHER NAME . . .
Zimbardo, P.G. (1972). The pathology of imprisonment. Society, 9(6). 4-8.
The Power Of Conformity
Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193(5), 31—35.
To Help Or Not To Help
Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 377—383.
Obey At Any Cost?
Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371—378.
Gazzaniga, M. S. (1967). The split brain in man. Scientific American, 217(2), 24—29.
More Experience = Bigger Brain
Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. L., & Diamond, M. C. (1972). Brain changes in response to experience. Scientific American, 226(2), 22—29.
Are you A “Natural?”
Bouchard, T., Lykken, D., McGue, M., Segal, N., & Tellegen, A. (1990). Sources of human psychological differences: The Minnesota study of twins reared apart. Science, 250, 223—229.
Watch Out For The Visual Cliff!
Gibson, E. J., & Walk, R. D. (1960). The “visual cliff.” Scientific American, 202(4), 67—71.
2. Perception and Consciousness
TAKE A LONG LOOK . . .
Fantz, , R.L., (1961). The origin of form perception. Scientific American, 204(May), 61-72.
To Sleep, No Doubt to Dream...
Aserinsky, E., & Kleitman, N. (1953). Regularly occurring periods of eye mobility and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Science, 118, 273—274.
Dement, W. (1960). The effect of dream deprivation. Science, 131, 1705—1707.
Unromancing the Dream
Hobson, J. A., & McCarley, R. W. (1977). The brain as a dream-state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 1335—1348.
Acting as if you are Hypnotized
Spanos, N. P. (1982). Hypnotic behavior: A cognitive, social, psychological perspective. Research Communications in Psychology, Psychiatry, and Behavior, 7, 199—213.
3 Learning
It’S Not Just About Salivating Dogs!
Pavlov, I. P. (1927). Conditioned reflexes. London: Oxford University Press.
Little Emotional Albert
Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional responses. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1—14.
Knock Wood!
Skinner, B. F. (1948). Superstition in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 168—172.
See Aggression...Do Aggression!
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575—582.
4 Intelligence, Cognition, and Memory
What You Expect Is What You Get
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1966). Teachers’ expectancies: Determinates of pupils’ IQ gains. Psychological Reports, 19, 115—118.
Just How Are You Intelligent?
Gardner, H. (1983) Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
Maps In Your Mind
Tolman, E. C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55, 189—208.
Thanks For The Memories!
Loftus, E. F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560—572.
5 Human Development
Discovering Love
Harlow, H. F. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 673—685.
Out Of Sight, But Not Out Of Mind
Piaget, J. (1954). The development of object concept: The construction of reality in the child (pp. 3—96). New York: Basic Books.
How Moral Are You?
Kohlberg, L. (1963). The development of children’s orientations toward a moral order: Sequence in the development of moral thought. Vita Humana, 6, 11—33.
In Control And Glad Of It!
Langer, E. J., & Rodin, J. (1976). The effects of choice and enhanced personal responsibility for the aged: A field experiment in an institutional setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 191—198.
6 Emotion And Motivation
A Sexual Motivation...
Masters, W. H., & Johnson, V. E. (1966). Human sexual response. Boston: Little, Brown.
I Can See It All Over Your Face!
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 124—129.
Life, Change, And Stress
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213—218.
Thoughts Out Of Tune
Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203—210.
7 Personality
Are You The Master Of Your Fate?
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1—28.
Masculine or Feminine...or Both?
Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155—162.
Racing Against Your Heart
Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical Association, 169, 1286—1296.
The One; The Many
Triandis, H., Bontempo, R., Villareal, M., Asai, M., & Lucca, N. (1988). Individualism and collectivism: Cross-cultural perspectives on self-ingroup relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 323—338.
8 Psychopathology
Who’s Crazy Here, Anyway?
Rosenhan, D. L. (1973). On being sane in insane places. Science, 179, 250—258.
You’Re Getting Defensive Again!
Freud, A. (1946). The ego and the mechanisms of defense. New York: International Universities Press.
Learning to be Depressed
Seligman, M. E. P., & Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 1—9.
Crowding into the Behavioral Sink
Calhoun, J. B. (1962). Population density and social pathology. Scientific American, 206(3), 139—148.
9 Psychotherapy
Choosing your Psychotherapist
Smith, M. L., & Glass, G. V. (1977). Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. American Psychologist, 32, 752—760.
Relaxing Your Fears Away
Wolpe, J. (1961). The systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 132, 180—203.
Projections of Who You Are
Rorschach, H. (1942). Psychodiagnostics: A diagnostic test based on perception. New York: Grune & Stratton.
Picture This!
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in personality (pp. 531—545). New York: Oxford University Press.
10 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
A PRISON BY ANY OTHER NAME . . .
Zimbardo, P.G. (1972). The pathology of imprisonment. Society, 9(6). 4-8.
The Power Of Conformity
Asch, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193(5), 31—35.
To Help Or Not To Help
Darley, J. M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 377—383.
Obey At Any Cost?
Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371—378.
Caracteristici
- Accessible, easy-to-follow format.
- Guides readers through each study, allowing for a deeper understanding of the research process.
- Guides readers through each study, allowing for a deeper understanding of the research process.
- Original study reference.
- Supplies students with an exact, readily-available reference for locating each study in its original form can be found.
- Supplies students with an exact, readily-available reference for locating each study in its original form can be found.
- Background and theoretical foundations.
- Provides students with valuable information on events leading up to the study and the hypotheses upon which the research rests.
- Provides students with valuable information on events leading up to the study and the hypotheses upon which the research rests.
- Experiment design and methods.
- Familiarizes students with a wide variety of research designs, methodologies, and procedures.
- Provides a conceptual understanding of the psychological research process.
- Familiarizes students with a wide variety of research designs, methodologies, and procedures.
- Results summary.
- Offers students a clear and concise analysis of each study's results in understandable, non-technical language.
- Offers students a clear and concise analysis of each study's results in understandable, non-technical language.
- Interpretation.
- Provides students with an interpretation of the meaning, relevance, and importance of each study's findings based on the researchers' discussions in the original articles.
- Provides students with an interpretation of the meaning, relevance, and importance of each study's findings based on the researchers' discussions in the original articles.
- Follow-up research for each study.
- Discusses supportive or contradictory research findings, and subsequent questioning or criticism from other scientists in the field.
- Discusses supportive or contradictory research findings, and subsequent questioning or criticism from other scientists in the field.
Caracteristici noi
TAKE A LONG LOOK . . . In the early 1960s, Robert L. Fantz discovered a new way of allowing us to peer inside the perceptions of infants: looking at what they are looking at. It turns out that even very young infants prefer to look at certain objects or events over others. By measuring this behavior, referred to as preferential looking, researchers have been able to study infants’ knowledge and perception in many and varied contexts. This methodology, along with some enhancements to it (also pioneered by Fantz), remains today, nearly 50 years later, the most widely employed technique when psychologists and others wish to study the perceiving, thinking, and knowing processes of infants.
A PRISON BY ANY OTHER NAME . . .
The historical timing is perfect to include the Zimbardo prison study now, because a renewed interest has arisen in Zimbardo’s study and the inferences drawn from it over the past several years, due to the high news-profile prisoner scandals in Iraq and various U.S. prisoner policies relating to the war on terror. In basic psychological theory, two forces determine our behavior in a given situation: our internal, dispositional factors (that is, who we are), and the influences of the situation in which we are behaving. In his simulated prison study, Zimbardo, set out to examine how ordinary, random people’s behavior might change when placed in a situation that carries with it a great deal of inherent power, in this case, a prison.
A PRISON BY ANY OTHER NAME . . .
The historical timing is perfect to include the Zimbardo prison study now, because a renewed interest has arisen in Zimbardo’s study and the inferences drawn from it over the past several years, due to the high news-profile prisoner scandals in Iraq and various U.S. prisoner policies relating to the war on terror. In basic psychological theory, two forces determine our behavior in a given situation: our internal, dispositional factors (that is, who we are), and the influences of the situation in which we are behaving. In his simulated prison study, Zimbardo, set out to examine how ordinary, random people’s behavior might change when placed in a situation that carries with it a great deal of inherent power, in this case, a prison.