An in-depth look at the theory and applications of frequency stability An understanding of the acquisition of stable frequency is essential for anyone who needs to solve noise problems in wireless communications. This book offers a thorough introduction to the principles and applications of frequency stability, arming practicing engineers with the tools they need to minimize noise in systems and devices that affect everyday communications for millions of people. With an emphasis on both practical and scientific points of view, Frequency Stability: Introduction and Applications examines frequency and time fluctuations in resonators, as well as the stability of both standard and practical microwave oscillators. It explains noise properties of building circuit blocks, introducing time domain properties and how they relate to noise spectral densities. Including a special chapter devoted to the design and properties of phase locked loops--a crucial topic for frequency synthesizers--the book also: * Examines in detail L/F noise, showing how power losses in the propagation material extend over a long period of time * Covers sapphire, optoelectronics, MW, and ring oscillators with the discussion of noise in delay-line oscillators with lasers * Offers an extended treatment of phase noise in semiconductors and amplifiers based on Van der Ziel investigations * Emphasizes the modified Allan variance in the time domain, including exact computations * Outlines the relationship between resonator frequency and output phase noises via the feedback theory Featuring numerous tables with actual data, Frequency Stability: Introduction and Applications is an invaluable guide for engineers wishing to rein in acoustic and electromagnetic interference in modern communications.