The branch of neuroscience which makes use of mathematical models, abstractions and theoretical analysis of the brain is called computational neuroscience. It attempts to understand the principles which govern the structure, development, physiology and cognitive abilities of the human nervous system. Some of important areas of research under this discipline are single neuron modeling, sensory processing, motor control, behavior of networks, memory and synaptic plasticity, consciousness, visual attention, identification, etc. The commonly used software applications for simulating the theoretical models in computational neuroscience are BRIAN, Emergent, GENESIS and NEST. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of computational neuroscience and how such concepts have practical applications. It elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to computational neuroscience. This book aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.