This book is intended for use by Ministries of Health and other stakeholders involved in health delivery and dealing with HIV/AIDS, health sector educational/training institutions, intergovernmentalagencies, NGOs and others. It includes a conceptual mapping of gender, health and HIV/AIDS, case studies and good practices, 'how to' tools and guidelines, figures/tables throughout to facilitate the reader, comparative statistics and other information. It explores key gender issues in the health sector in areas including reproductive health, infectious and communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, substance abuse, and mental health; and institutional arrangements and processes for mainstreaming gender in health. The section on HIV/AIDS addresses a gender analysis of its incidence, spread, impact on health and other sectors; gender-aware country case studies of combating HIV/AIDS; and using gender mainstreaming including the GMS as a multi-sectoral approach to combating HIV/AIDS.