General Histology of the Mammal: An Atlas for Students of Medicine and Biology

I. Introduction.- Origin of Tissues.- Differentiation. Closed and Wide-Meshed Cell Unions.- Four Tissue Groups.- Growth, Regeneration, Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Atrophy, Involution, Degeneration, and Necrosis.- Metaplasia.- Transplantation, Implantation, and Explantation.- II. Epithelial Tissue.- Surface Epithelia Classification of Surface Epithelia.- Localization of Various Surface Epithelia.- Simple Squamous Epithelium.- Simple Cuboidal Epithelium.- Simple Columnar Epithelium.- Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium.- Transitional Epithelium.- Stratified Columnar Epithelium.- Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium.- Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium (Epidermis).- Secretory Surface Epithelia Amniotic Epithelium.- Vascularized Secretory Epithelium.- Atypical Epithelia.- Enamel Organ.- Thymus.- Changes in Form of Epithelial Cells.- Functions of Surface Epithelia.- Glandular Epithelia Exocrine Glands Development of Exocrine and Endocrine Glands.- Classification of Exocrine Glands.- Form of Exocrine Glands.- Unicellular Glands.- Endoepithelial Multicellular Gland.- Tubular Gland.- Tubuloacinar Gland.- Tubuloalveolar Gland.- Apocrine Alveolar Gland.- Holocrine Alveolar Gland.- Scheme of a Compound Tubuloacinar Gland.- Endocrine Glands.- Regeneration and Transplantation of Epithelial Tissue.- III. Connective and Supporting Tissues.- Origin of Connecting and Supporting Tissues.- Classification of Connective and Supporting Tissues.- Mesenchyme.- Gelatinous or Mucous Connective Tissue.- Reticular Connective Tissue.- White Adipose Tissue.- White Adipose Tissue Cell.- Brown Adipose Tissue.- Brown Adipose Tissue Cell.- Loose Connective Tissue.- Fixed Cells: Fibroblast and Fibrocyte.- Formed and Amorphous Components of the Intercellular Substance.- Wandering Cells Histiocyte.- Reticulohistiocytic or Reticuloendothelial System.- Mast Cell.- Lymphocytes.- Monocyte.- Plasma Cell.- Eosinophilic Granulocyte.- Special Forms Pigment Connective Tissue.- Pigment Cell.- “Cellular” Connective Tissue.- Retiform Connective Tissue.- Irregular Dense Connective Tissue.- Regular Dense Connective Tissue Tendon.- Aponeurosis.- Elastic Connective Tissue.- Cartilaginous Tissue Hyaline Cartilage.- Elastic Cartilage.- Chondrocyte.- Fibrous Cartilage.- Notochordal Tissue.- Bony Tissue Direct Bone Formation.- Osteoblasts.- Indirect Bone Formation.- Secondary Bone Formation.- Structure of Bone.- Osteon.- Osteocyte.- Osteoclast.- Regeneration of Bone.- Dentin and Cementum.- Possibilities of Transplanting Connective and Supporting Tissues.- Graft Rejection. Role of Free Connective Tissue Cells.- IV. Muscular Tissue.- Three Types of Muscular Tissue.- Occurrence of Smooth Musculature.- Smooth Muscle Cells.- Hypothetical Model of Contraction Mechanism of Smooth Muscle Cells.- Myoepithelial Cells.- Skeletal Musculature Histogenesis of Skeletal Musculature.- Structure of a Muscle.- Structure of a Muscle Fascicle.- White Muscle Fiber and Satellite Cell.- Red Muscle Fiber.- Structure of a Muscle Fiber.- Scheme of a Relaxed and a Contracted Myofibril.- Interaction Between Actin and Myosin Myofilaments.- Myotendinal Junction.- Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle Fibers.- Cardiac Musculature Light-Microscopic Appearance.- Cardiac Muscle Fibers.- Electron-Microscopic Appearance.- Cardiac Muscle Cell.- Vascularization, Necrosis, Transplantation.- Impulse-Conducting System.- Purkinje Fibers.- Cell of the Impulse-Conducting System.- V. Nervous Tissue.- Central Nervous System Histogenesis of Nervous Tissue.- Cells Originating from Neural Tube and Neural Crest.- Central andPeripheral Nervous System.- Relationship Between Neurons and Glia Cells in Central and Peripheral Nervous System.- Glia of Central Nervous System Ependymal Cells.- Astrocytes.- Membrana Limitans Gliae Superficialis and Perivascularis.- Blood-Brain Barrier.- Oligodendrocytes.- Microglia.- Nerve Cells Form of Nerve Cells.- Types of Nerve Cell.- Arrangement of Nerve Cells.- Nerve Cells and Neuropil.- Neurosecretory Cells.- Mode of Action of Polypeptide Hormones.- Nerve Fibers and Schwann’s Cells.- Node of Ranvier.- Schmidt-Lanterman Incisure.- Regeneration of Nerve Fibers.- Synapses.- Components of Peripheral Nervous System.- Spinal Ganglion.- Pseudounipolar Nerve Cell.- Bipolar Nerve Cell.- Peripheral or Spinal Nerve.- Perineurium.- Endings of Efferent Nerve Fibers Motor End Plate.- Endings of Autonomic Nerves in the Smooth Musculature.- Endings of Afferent Nerve Fibers Neuromuscular Spindle.- Golgi Tendon Organ.- Endings of Afferent Nerve Fibers in Epithelial and Connective Tissues.- Endings of Afferent Nerve Fibers Around Hair Follicle.- Meissner’s Corpuscle.- Vater-Pacini Corpuscle.- Sympathetic Trunk.- Multipolar Autonomic Nerve Cell.- General Reading.