The branch of biology which focuses on genetic variations and heredity in case of plants is called plant genetics. It is used to modify the genetic structure of staple crops to increase yields, provide resistance against herbicides, improve disease resistance, and increase their nutritional value. Plant breeding refers to the science of changing plant traits in order to obtain desired characteristics. The key objectives of plant breeding are to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, biomass yields, and end-use quality characteristics. Some of the important modification techniques studied under the discipline of plant breeding are marker assisted selection, reverse breeding and double haploids, and genetic modification. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of plant breeding and genetics. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied branches that fall under this category. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.