This book is the result of a study analyzing the meaning and role of the ????? terms frequently used in Romans. Seo-Jun Kim shows that Paul's terminology does not fit within the framework of a theological category, but rather has a wide variety of referential meanings and plays a variety of roles in the respective context. Existing studies have mainly focused on the interpretation of the phrase ?????????? ????, arguing that it refers to God's gift (R. Bultmann), God's saving power (E. Ksemann, P. Stuhlmacher), or God's covenant faithfulness (J. D. G. Dunn, N. T. Wright ) trade. This study exhaustively and fundamentally examines all ????? terms in Romans in their respective contexts and illuminates them in correlation to the appropriate reference texts. In addition, the traditional-historical relationships of Paul's ????? terminology, with regard to their conceptual and linguistic similarity to the Old Testament and Jewish literature, are explained in detail in every exegetical analysis. Thus, this book provides a precise categorization of the referential semantics of ????? terms. The reader should be able to better understand the various lines of argument in Romans with a view to this key concept.