Grain Subsidies in Ukraine: The Role of WTO Law and the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement: Nijhoff International Trade Law Series, cartea 16
Autor Kateryna Zelenskaen Limba Engleză Hardback – 31 ian 2018
use of the EU agricultural aid practice. Although certain EU experience is found to be useful, the book generally advocates reducing distortive policies in Ukraine by substituting subsidies with market-based instruments.
Din seria Nijhoff International Trade Law Series
- 18%
Preț: 953.95 lei - 18%
Preț: 1088.09 lei - 18%
Preț: 831.68 lei - 18%
Preț: 759.36 lei - 18%
Preț: 906.99 lei - 18%
Preț: 1114.68 lei - 18%
Preț: 778.50 lei - 18%
Preț: 626.35 lei - 18%
Preț: 920.82 lei - 18%
Preț: 1329.21 lei - 18%
Preț: 626.70 lei - 18%
Preț: 662.04 lei - 18%
Preț: 733.06 lei - 18%
Preț: 791.35 lei - 18%
Preț: 790.88 lei
Preț: 1090.32 lei
Preț vechi: 1329.66 lei
-18% Nou
Puncte Express: 1635
Preț estimativ în valută:
208.82€ • 215.14$ • 174.92£
208.82€ • 215.14$ • 174.92£
Carte indisponibilă temporar
Doresc să fiu notificat când acest titlu va fi disponibil:
Se trimite...
Preluare comenzi: 021 569.72.76
Specificații
ISBN-13: 9789004353688
ISBN-10: 9004353682
Pagini: 462
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 0.77 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill | Nijhoff
Seria Nijhoff International Trade Law Series
ISBN-10: 9004353682
Pagini: 462
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 0.77 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill | Nijhoff
Seria Nijhoff International Trade Law Series
Cuprins
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
Identification of the Research Subject
Subject of the Study
The Course of Examination
1 Economic Aspects of State Support Measures (Subsidies) with Specific Consideration of Agriculture
1.1 Nature and Impact of Subsidies
1.2 Specificity of Agricultural Sector
1.2.1Features of Agricultural Markets
1.2.2Components of Agricultural Policies
1.2.3Development Aspects of Agricultural Policies
1.2.4Effects of Agricultural Support
1.2.5Justification of Agricultural Subsidies in Light of the Concept of Multifunctionality
Conclusion of Chapter 1
2 Introduction to Agricultural Policies in Ukraine
2.1 Process of Agricultural Transition in Ukraine
2.1.1The Nature of Agricultural Transition
2.1.2Agricultural Transition in Eastern Europe: Common Trends and Specific Features in Ukraine
2.2 Legal Framework of Agricultural Policies in Ukraine
2.2.1 Lex generalis and Lex specialis of Grain Trade Regulation
2.2.2Organisation Forms of Agricultural Production in Ukraine
2.3 Objective Handicaps for Agricultural Growth
2.3.1Grain Production Costs
2.3.2Farm-gate Prices
2.3.3Sustainability Concerns
Conclusion on Chapter 2
3 External Factors with Influence on Ukrainian Grain Policies
Scope of the Chapter
3.1 Implementation of Agricultural Disciplines within World Trade Law
3.1.1Emerging Power of the wto
3.1.2Particularities of Multilateral Regulation on Agricultural Trade
3.1.3A Short Overview of the AoA Disciplines
3.1.4Agricultural Policies in the Framework of the Doha Reform Process
3.2 Agricultural Commitments within Regional Trade Agreements
3.2.1Issues Emerging with Proliferation of rtas
3.2.2Incorporation of Agriculture into Trade Deals
Conclusion of Chapter 3
4 Subsidy Definition: International Approaches in Regulation
Scope of the Chapter
4.1 Definition of Subsidy under wto/gatt Law
4.1.1Overview of Criteria
4.1.2The Element of “financial contribution” (Art. 1.1.(a)(1) of the scma)
4.1.3The Element of “government or any public body”
4.1.4Alternatives to the Requirement of “financial contribution by government”: Granting of Income or Price Support (Art. 1.1.(a)(1) of the scma)
4.1.5The Element of “benefit” (Art.1.1. (b) of the scma in Conjunction with Art. 14 of the scma)
4.1.6The Element of “specificity” (Art. 1.2. of the scma)
4.1.7Incorporation of Agricultural Subsidies into General Disciplines
4.1.8“Peace Clause” Expiry and the Interplay between the scma and the AoA
4.2 The eu Approach to Subsidies
4.2.1Introduction
4.2.2The Element of Benefit (“aid in any form”)
4.2.3The Element of “public costs”
4.2.4The Element of “selectivity”
4.2.5State Aid v. Subsidy: ecj Interpretation
4.2.6Agricultural Subsidies in the eu State Aid System
4.3 Interplay of the wto and eu Subsidy Concepts
4.4 Regulation of Subsidies in Ukraine
4.5 Incorporation of State Aid Regulation into the Framework of eu-Ukraine Co-operation
4.6 The eeu Approach to Domestic Support Regulation
Conclusion of Chapter 4
5 The eu Practice on Agricultural Support
Scope of the Chapter
5.1 The Development of European Common Agricultural Policy (cap)
5.2 Pillar i Measures Applicable to Cereals
5.2.1Grain Interventions
5.2.2Direct Payment Schemes
5.3 Examples of Domestic Support “Greening” within Pillar ii
5.3.1Investment Aid
5.3.2Risk Management Instruments of the cap
Conclusion on Chapter 5
6 Interplay between State Support for Grain in Ukraine and International Trade Commitments
Scope of the Chapter
6.1 Reference Point: Ukraine’s wto Domestic Support Commitments
6.2 Overview of State Support for Grain in Ukraine
6.3 Price Support
6.3.1Direct Support
6.3.2State Grain Pledges
6.3.3Commodity and Financial Interventions for Cereals
6.3.4Provisional Price Administration
6.3.5State Forward Purchases
Intermediary Summary
6.3.6Direct Price Controls
6.3.7Market Alternatives to State Price Interventions
6.4Quasi Income Support
6.4.1Subsidised Credits and Loans
6.4.2Leasing Subsidies
6.4.3Other Input Subsidies
Intermediary Summary
6.4.4Alternatives for Input Subsidies
6.4.5Insurance Subsidies for Agricultural Producers
6.5 Shortcomings of Agricultural Direct Support in Ukraine
6.5.1Foreseeability Concern
6.5.2Selectivity v. Equity
6.5.3Efficiency
Intermediary Summary
6.6 Indirect Support: Tax Subsidies
6.6.1Introduction to Ukraine’s System of Agricultural Taxation
6.6.2Fixed Agricultural Tax (fat) Regime
6.6.3vat Regime for Agricultural Production
6.6.4Taxation of Private Households
Intermediary Summary
6.6.5Taxation in the Framework of eu-Ukraine Co-Operation
6.6.6General Summary on Agricultural Taxation in Ukraine
6.7 Legal Changes of Domestic Support after Ukraine’s wto Accession
6.7.1The Factor of Economic Crisis
6.7.2Changes in the Structure of Agricultural Support
6.7.3Economic Impact of the wto Accession on the Ukrainian Agricultural Sector
6.8 The Case of “External Domestic Support”: Co-operation with China
6.8.1China’s Agricultural Credits
6.8.2Assessment of Chinese Credits in the Light of wto Law
Intermediary Summary
6.9 Proposals for Agricultural Policy Reform in Ukraine
6.9.1Promotion of Private Investment
6.9.2Direct Tackling of Farm Income Problem
Conclusions on Chapter 6
7 Export Measures for Foodstuffs: Rationale, Forms, and Impact
Scope of the Chapter
7.1 Export Restrictions
7.1.1Rationale of Export Restrictions in Agricultural Trade
7.1.2Factors Contributing to the Emerging Significance of Export Restrictions
Intermediary Summary
7.1.3Regulation of Export Restrictions within the wto/gatt System
Intermediary Summary
7.1.4The Case of Export Duty
7.1.5Export Restrictions and Investment Measures
7.1.6Interplay of Export Restrictions and Subsidies
Intermediary Summary
7.1.7Export Restrictions in the Doha Process
Intermediary Summary
7.2 Agricultural Export Policies in Ukraine
7.2.1General Legal Framework
7.2.2Ukraine’s Sunflower Export Policies
7.2.3Export Measures in the Cereals Sector
7.2.4New Mechanisms of Quasi-Voluntary Export Restrictions by Exporters
7.3 Credibility of Ukraine’s Justifications for Export Restraints
7.3.1Arguments at the National Level
7.3.2Arguments at the Multilateral Level
7.4 Alternative Measures
7.4.1National Level
7.4.2Regional Level
7.4.3Global Approach: Alternative Measures at the Multilateral Level
Intermediary Summary
7.5 wto Disciplines on Export-Incentive Measures in the Context of Ukraine’s Agricultural Policies
Rationale for the Examination
7.5.1Distribution of Non-Commercial Stocks
7.5.2Payments Financed by Virtue of Governmental Action
7.5.3Reduction of Export Marketing Costs
7.5.4Export Credit and Insurance Schemes
7.5.5Regulation of Export-Incentive Measures within the eu-Ukraine aa
Intermediary Summary
7.6 Export Impact of State Trading
7.6.1gatt Disciplines
7.6.2stes in Agriculture
7.6.3State Trading in Ukraine
7.6.4State Trading Issues within the eu-Ukraine Cooperation
Intermediary Summary
Conclusion on Chapter 7
Final Conclusions
Bibliography
Index
List of Abbreviations
Introduction
Identification of the Research Subject
Subject of the Study
The Course of Examination
1 Economic Aspects of State Support Measures (Subsidies) with Specific Consideration of Agriculture
1.1 Nature and Impact of Subsidies
1.2 Specificity of Agricultural Sector
1.2.1Features of Agricultural Markets
1.2.2Components of Agricultural Policies
1.2.3Development Aspects of Agricultural Policies
1.2.4Effects of Agricultural Support
1.2.5Justification of Agricultural Subsidies in Light of the Concept of Multifunctionality
Conclusion of Chapter 1
2 Introduction to Agricultural Policies in Ukraine
2.1 Process of Agricultural Transition in Ukraine
2.1.1The Nature of Agricultural Transition
2.1.2Agricultural Transition in Eastern Europe: Common Trends and Specific Features in Ukraine
2.2 Legal Framework of Agricultural Policies in Ukraine
2.2.1 Lex generalis and Lex specialis of Grain Trade Regulation
2.2.2Organisation Forms of Agricultural Production in Ukraine
2.3 Objective Handicaps for Agricultural Growth
2.3.1Grain Production Costs
2.3.2Farm-gate Prices
2.3.3Sustainability Concerns
Conclusion on Chapter 2
3 External Factors with Influence on Ukrainian Grain Policies
Scope of the Chapter
3.1 Implementation of Agricultural Disciplines within World Trade Law
3.1.1Emerging Power of the wto
3.1.2Particularities of Multilateral Regulation on Agricultural Trade
3.1.3A Short Overview of the AoA Disciplines
3.1.4Agricultural Policies in the Framework of the Doha Reform Process
3.2 Agricultural Commitments within Regional Trade Agreements
3.2.1Issues Emerging with Proliferation of rtas
3.2.2Incorporation of Agriculture into Trade Deals
Conclusion of Chapter 3
4 Subsidy Definition: International Approaches in Regulation
Scope of the Chapter
4.1 Definition of Subsidy under wto/gatt Law
4.1.1Overview of Criteria
4.1.2The Element of “financial contribution” (Art. 1.1.(a)(1) of the scma)
4.1.3The Element of “government or any public body”
4.1.4Alternatives to the Requirement of “financial contribution by government”: Granting of Income or Price Support (Art. 1.1.(a)(1) of the scma)
4.1.5The Element of “benefit” (Art.1.1. (b) of the scma in Conjunction with Art. 14 of the scma)
4.1.6The Element of “specificity” (Art. 1.2. of the scma)
4.1.7Incorporation of Agricultural Subsidies into General Disciplines
4.1.8“Peace Clause” Expiry and the Interplay between the scma and the AoA
4.2 The eu Approach to Subsidies
4.2.1Introduction
4.2.2The Element of Benefit (“aid in any form”)
4.2.3The Element of “public costs”
4.2.4The Element of “selectivity”
4.2.5State Aid v. Subsidy: ecj Interpretation
4.2.6Agricultural Subsidies in the eu State Aid System
4.3 Interplay of the wto and eu Subsidy Concepts
4.4 Regulation of Subsidies in Ukraine
4.5 Incorporation of State Aid Regulation into the Framework of eu-Ukraine Co-operation
4.6 The eeu Approach to Domestic Support Regulation
Conclusion of Chapter 4
5 The eu Practice on Agricultural Support
Scope of the Chapter
5.1 The Development of European Common Agricultural Policy (cap)
5.2 Pillar i Measures Applicable to Cereals
5.2.1Grain Interventions
5.2.2Direct Payment Schemes
5.3 Examples of Domestic Support “Greening” within Pillar ii
5.3.1Investment Aid
5.3.2Risk Management Instruments of the cap
Conclusion on Chapter 5
6 Interplay between State Support for Grain in Ukraine and International Trade Commitments
Scope of the Chapter
6.1 Reference Point: Ukraine’s wto Domestic Support Commitments
6.2 Overview of State Support for Grain in Ukraine
6.3 Price Support
6.3.1Direct Support
6.3.2State Grain Pledges
6.3.3Commodity and Financial Interventions for Cereals
6.3.4Provisional Price Administration
6.3.5State Forward Purchases
Intermediary Summary
6.3.6Direct Price Controls
6.3.7Market Alternatives to State Price Interventions
6.4Quasi Income Support
6.4.1Subsidised Credits and Loans
6.4.2Leasing Subsidies
6.4.3Other Input Subsidies
Intermediary Summary
6.4.4Alternatives for Input Subsidies
6.4.5Insurance Subsidies for Agricultural Producers
6.5 Shortcomings of Agricultural Direct Support in Ukraine
6.5.1Foreseeability Concern
6.5.2Selectivity v. Equity
6.5.3Efficiency
Intermediary Summary
6.6 Indirect Support: Tax Subsidies
6.6.1Introduction to Ukraine’s System of Agricultural Taxation
6.6.2Fixed Agricultural Tax (fat) Regime
6.6.3vat Regime for Agricultural Production
6.6.4Taxation of Private Households
Intermediary Summary
6.6.5Taxation in the Framework of eu-Ukraine Co-Operation
6.6.6General Summary on Agricultural Taxation in Ukraine
6.7 Legal Changes of Domestic Support after Ukraine’s wto Accession
6.7.1The Factor of Economic Crisis
6.7.2Changes in the Structure of Agricultural Support
6.7.3Economic Impact of the wto Accession on the Ukrainian Agricultural Sector
6.8 The Case of “External Domestic Support”: Co-operation with China
6.8.1China’s Agricultural Credits
6.8.2Assessment of Chinese Credits in the Light of wto Law
Intermediary Summary
6.9 Proposals for Agricultural Policy Reform in Ukraine
6.9.1Promotion of Private Investment
6.9.2Direct Tackling of Farm Income Problem
Conclusions on Chapter 6
7 Export Measures for Foodstuffs: Rationale, Forms, and Impact
Scope of the Chapter
7.1 Export Restrictions
7.1.1Rationale of Export Restrictions in Agricultural Trade
7.1.2Factors Contributing to the Emerging Significance of Export Restrictions
Intermediary Summary
7.1.3Regulation of Export Restrictions within the wto/gatt System
Intermediary Summary
7.1.4The Case of Export Duty
7.1.5Export Restrictions and Investment Measures
7.1.6Interplay of Export Restrictions and Subsidies
Intermediary Summary
7.1.7Export Restrictions in the Doha Process
Intermediary Summary
7.2 Agricultural Export Policies in Ukraine
7.2.1General Legal Framework
7.2.2Ukraine’s Sunflower Export Policies
7.2.3Export Measures in the Cereals Sector
7.2.4New Mechanisms of Quasi-Voluntary Export Restrictions by Exporters
7.3 Credibility of Ukraine’s Justifications for Export Restraints
7.3.1Arguments at the National Level
7.3.2Arguments at the Multilateral Level
7.4 Alternative Measures
7.4.1National Level
7.4.2Regional Level
7.4.3Global Approach: Alternative Measures at the Multilateral Level
Intermediary Summary
7.5 wto Disciplines on Export-Incentive Measures in the Context of Ukraine’s Agricultural Policies
Rationale for the Examination
7.5.1Distribution of Non-Commercial Stocks
7.5.2Payments Financed by Virtue of Governmental Action
7.5.3Reduction of Export Marketing Costs
7.5.4Export Credit and Insurance Schemes
7.5.5Regulation of Export-Incentive Measures within the eu-Ukraine aa
Intermediary Summary
7.6 Export Impact of State Trading
7.6.1gatt Disciplines
7.6.2stes in Agriculture
7.6.3State Trading in Ukraine
7.6.4State Trading Issues within the eu-Ukraine Cooperation
Intermediary Summary
Conclusion on Chapter 7
Final Conclusions
Bibliography
Index
Notă biografică
Kateryna Zelenska, Dr. jur. (2016), LL.M. (2010), University of Bremen (Germany), specializes in legal aspects of international agricultural trade. She has published several articles on Ukrainian and European agricultural policies as well as on other trade-related topics.