GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND - By A. WILMORE - PREFACE - THIS book has been written in the first place for boys and girls of about thirteen to fifteen years of age, and secondly for those older readers and students who may not have read such a regional presentation of the geography of the Home Land. When I commenced to write the book, I had in my mind mainly the middle forms of secondary schools, where prepara- tion for the school certificate and matriculation examinations is being actively carried on but I now hope that it may be read by the growing number of boys and girls in the central schools. If the book is to be of the greatest use, the students should, in my judgment, be left increasingly to work themselves, and to regard their teacher as a guide and helper. That is the reason for the large and varied selection of exercises provided at the end of the book. Each pupil should work from his own copy, using his atlas when necessary. In the selection of matter, I have been guided by my own experience as a teacher of geography in school, college, and university, and as a frequent lecturer to teachers who are engaged in elementary and secondary schools and also by the advice of many colleagues who are actively engaged in the teaching of geography. The conception of geography is that laid down in my Groundwovk of Modern Geography, and the book attempts to gather together and arrange the results of work done by those who study rocks, plants, and animals, those who work at the physics of air and water, those who carry on chemical research, and apply these results in so far as they affect our own activities and intercourse. Geography correlates, arranges, and presents these results and then hands them on to be used in the study of history, sociology, economics, and other subjects. It is hoped that studied in this way the book may help young students to understand better their countrys problems, and so fit them to be worthy citizens of a great country. I have to thank many friends for much advice and friendly criticism. Mr A. N. Wilrnore, sometime Exhibitioner St. Johns College, Cambridge, has again helped in the revision of the proof-sheets and the compilation of the index. Nov. 1922. - CONTENTS - 11. THE STRUCTURE OF THE BRITISH NATURAL KEGIOKS- Scotland . ISLES- 111. THE STRUCTURE OF THE BRITISH ISLES- NATURAL REGIONS contnued- Uplands of England and Wales IV. THE STRUCTURE OF THE BRITISH ISI.ES-- NATURAL REGIONS coztinued- England and Wales. The English Lowlands . Ireland VI. THE RIVERS AND LAICES OF BRITAIN . YII. THE RIVERS AND LAKES OF BRITAIN con- VIII. THE COASTS AND ISLASDS OF BRITAIN . IX. THE COASTS AXD ISLAKDS OF BRITAIN tinued . con- X. THE WEATHER AND CLIMATE OF BRITAIN XI. TIIE PRODVCE OF THE LAND AND SEA . XII. MINERALS AND ROCKS . XTII. THE CI-PEMICAL TKAIIES OF THE BRITISH XTV. ENGINEERING AND ALLIED TRADES . vii PAGE . I .a. VI 11 CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE XV. THE TEXTILE INDUSTRIES . . 180 MANU- XVI. THE DISTRIBUTION OF CLOTHING FACTURE . 188 XVII. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT . 192 XVIII. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT continued . zoo XIX. LONDON . . 214 XX. THE INDUSTRIAI, AREAS OF BRITAIN. - . 223 LIST OF PLATES OX THE BURE. HOITNG BROAD . CAMBRIDGE. AS SEEN FROM AN AEROPLANE . ACI-IIL HEAD, CO. MAYO . PLEASKIN HEAD T l r RIVER NESS AT INVERNESS . STIRLING AND THE LINKS OF FORTH . THE THAMES FROM STREATLEY HILL GORING GAP . THE VYND CLIFF, RIVER WYE THE CPPER LAKE, KILLARNEY . CORRIE LAKE ON BKAERIACH CAIIXGORM ROUNTAIM CRUMMOCK WATER, LAKE DISTRICT . FACING PAGE CLIFFS OF GNEISS, CAPE CYRATII CLIFS ABOVE FILEY BRIG LOOKING TOWARDS SCAR- BOROUGH . THE SOUTII STACK, HOLYF-TEAL THE NEEDLES, ISLE OF IGHT CHALK CLIFFS . SAND DUNES, WINTERTON, NOKOLK SEA CAVES ON RAISED BEACH ix . . W. OF SCOTLAND ...