The carelessness of mankind in present era of technology has adversely affected the natural resources of the planet. The scarcity of safe and fresh drinking water in most of the places on earth is a consequent effect in this regard. Surface water sources have been polluted and due to increasing demand groundwater level is also depleting at very fast rate. This book reflects some insights on groundwater quality and associated diseases in rural inhabitants of Punjab state in India.. The objective of the book is to characterize the groundwater quality and explore the prevalence of various waterborne disease in the region. The book is supposed to add to the awareness level of the readers about the situation in region under investigation.