The objective of this book is to show in a simple way the Historical Evolution of the Punitive System, addressing the most important aspects of the history of the establishments in the world, such as the emergence of the main systems, next, in Brazil, more specifically in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where the first prison establishments were built, and finally, in the State of Acre, focusing on the Recovery Unit Francisco de Oliveira Conde, being the main prison institution of the State. The historical evolution of the punitive system employs coercive methods and means to repress delinquency, since the past centuries until the modern correctional institutions. Thus, throughout history, the form of punishment has undergone several changes. In antiquity it was fought with cruelty and the sovereign power had the power to apply the penalties. Since the Republic, the punitive state power has been used as an instrument to combat crime.