This scientific publication examines the fundamental issues of the study and development of public education and its regional characteristics in Kostanay region. During this period in it as a result of systematic, planned and complex work of all state, administrative and public structures an adequate system and historical model of education was formed. During preparation of the research a considerable range of sources and materials of the State archive of Kostanay region was used. The author used fund 250 "Kustanay regional department of public education".