Various governmental and non governmental efforts are being exerted to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic by sentinel surveys. Unfortunately, there has not been any organized survey in Nigeria to extensively determine the opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS. This book therefore, highlights specifically on some pulmonary bacterial and fungal opportunistic infections in Kano metropolis, the isolation and identification of opportunistic bacterial and fungal agents causing pulmonary infections, the relationships between pulmonary opportunistic pathogens and CD4 count and immune status and viral load of HIV positive clients. This will contribute towards management and care of AIDS clients and will provide the need for monitoring by health care facilities and related agencies.