The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a type of retrovirus that causes a spectrum of conditions called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV damages the immune system and thus interferes with the body's ability to fight infection and disease. It is spread primarily through unprotected sex, but also by contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. AIDS is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition. HIV infection has become a manageable chronic health condition, owing to the increased access to effective HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care. This book provides comprehensive insights about the strategies for controlling HIV and AIDS. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on HIV/AIDS have been included herein. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.