The collection of various essays written at different times and on seemingly different topics combines a single theme: the species of Homo sapiens, its development, history, and a unique experiment of biological nature, which created a fantastic phenomenon-the human race. In some chapters, we must return to the distant past of our species' origin and the emergence of different civilizations. It is done for the narrative's logical construction to avoid the impression of separately torn pieces unrelated to each other and to make it more interesting for readers. The third book of Homo Sapiens is a logical continuation of our species' history in the modern world. The world is divided by countries, religions, and ideologies. Despite the declared principles of universal equality and the obligation to defend peace and prosperity, there is still the danger of a military solution to confrontations. Modern weapons and technology could destroy peoples and even entire countries with appalling cruelty. The history of slavery runs through all stages of the development of our species. In some countries, slavery still exists. The future of our species depends on how we deal with it today. We are living on the same planet. Will our species find a path of reconciliation and forgiveness now? The biological nature of man is manifested in his behavioral motives. However, man is a social being. He cannot live outside of society. A person is born with an already-formed brain, having certain instincts embedded in the brain's limbic system. A person acquires social skills in the development process, communicating with the surrounding society. Due to climate change, relatively recently, by historical standards, about sixty to ninety thousand years ago, some scientists count as three hundred thousand years ago, the human species came out of Africa, together with other groups of animals, in search of favorable habitats. Scientists tell us there were at least twenty different types of people, but our species, Homo sapiens, survived