Accelerated urbanization in developing countries is facing a series of challenges and issues of interest to research. Decentralized local governments are experiencing significant problems with water supply quality, which have impacts or consequences on the health and economy of populations. The study highlights the impacts related to water quality on the health of the populations of Bangangté. It aims to show the link between the quality of the water consumed by the populations and the recurrence of certain waterborne diseases in the area. The hypothesis that the water problem in Bangangté is very thorny and has had negative socio-economic and health consequences, and has caused several diseases is verified. The methodology of this study is based first on the collection of documentary data related to this issue.