HUMAN SECURITY AND AGENCY EMPCB: Peace and Security in the 21st Century

Nilofar Sakhi is an adjunct faculty at George Mason University. Sakhi has been involved in Afghan peace process since 2011 and remained a regular commentator and speaker in variety of international summits and conferences, and also in media. In addition, Sakhi has been managing a wide range of development and governance programs including human security, democracy and civil society, women's rights, higher education and private sector development. Nilofar has more than 14 years of experience in management and leadership. She managed international organizations, education institutions and national local organization. She has years of experience working with American University of Afghanistan as an executive director and with Open Society Foundations as a country Director in Afghanistan. Nilofar Sakhi is a founder of number of civil society entities such as NGOs, radio station, and libraries. Sakhi is a Fulbright scholar. She was a visiting fellow at National Endowment for Democracy, Columbia University, International Center for Tolerance Education, and a fellow at Asia Society. Nilofar holds a PhD from George Mason University, and graduated from SIAS of Johns Hopkins University as a Master of International Public Policy. She also has a second graduate degree from Eastern Mennonite University in Conflict Transformation and Peacebuilding.

1. The Socio-Economic and Political History of Afghanistan and its Impact on Human Agency1.1. Introduction 1.2. Social Context 1.3. Economic Context1.4. Political Context1.5. National Solidarity Program (NSP) 1.6. Traditional Society1.7. Ethnicity and Religion in Afghanistan 2. The Concept of Empowerment-Building Human Agency 2.1. Concept of Empowerment2.2. Productive Power2.3. Development of Human Security Through Productive Power2.4. Protection of Life and Property2.5. Absence of Fear and Threats 2.6. Economic Opportunities2.7. Freedom and Dignity2.8. Manifestations of Human Security through Productive Power 2.9. The Factors that Impede the Process2.10. The Social Limitations of a Traditional Society3. Smart Strategy/Productive Power3.1. Concept of Human Security in Post-Conflict Reconstruction3.2. The Concept of Productive Power3.3. Impeding factors3.4. Social Institutions and Norms3.5. Political Systems3.6. Conclusion 3.7. Policy Recommendations for Effective Human Security Programs