Long used in a variety of therapies, this technique has found limited expression in neurology due to the lack of evidence to support a possible neuro-protective effect. These 19 articles should alleviate this logjam and promote the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in mainstream medicine, covering basic science, stroke treatment, and experimental applications. Topics include brain and cerebral physiology and HBO. cerebral tissue oxygenation in the ischemic brain, mechanisms of HBO for neurological disorders, clinical aspects of oxygen therapy for ischemic stroke, basic science studies of HBO for stroke, hemorrhagic brain injury, and traumatic brain injury, including acute injury. Experimental applications include treatment for autism, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral palsy, delayed carbon monoxide toxicity, radiation neurological injury an hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of the neonate. Includes an article on HBO for neurological disorders in China.