IRS has reported a substantial increase in IDT refund fraud; however, it is unclear whether this reported increase is due to an overall increase in IDT refund fraud, to an improvement in IRS's ability to detect IDT refund fraud, or to a combination of the two. For example, IRS instituted IDT filters in 2012, which helped IRS find additional IDT incidents, but it is not known how much of the reported increase can be attributed to filters or to an increase in IDT refund fraud.