Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) now widely known as Immune thrombocytopenia is a rare life threatening bleeding disorder which can affect children and adults. The underlying mechanisms, clinical features and laboratory tests that aid in the diagnosis are discussed. A detailed differential diagnosis that helps the practitioner in differentiating the disease from other conditions is included. The various treatment options and the current concepts are described in an easy to understand manner. Most ITP patients report initially to a dentist due to the oral features like petechiae, blood filled blisters and spontaneous gingival bleeding in the oral cavity. A summary of the different oral manifestations and the dental considerations for ITP patients is provided as a ready reckoner for the practising dental surgeon.