In Silico Dreams – How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology Will Create the Medicines of the Future de B Hilbush

In Silico Dreams – How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology Will Create the Medicines of the Future

B Hilbush

Learn how AI and data science are upending the worlds of biology and medicine In Silico Dreams: How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology Will Create the Medicines of the Future delivers an illuminating and fresh perspective on the convergence of two powerful technologies: AI and biotech. Accomplished genomics expert, executive, and author Brian Hilbush offers readers a brilliant exploration of the most current work of pioneering tech giants and biotechnology startups who have already started disrupting healthcare. The book provides an in-depth understanding of the sources of innovation that are driving the shift in the pharmaceutical industry away from serendipitous therapeutic discovery and toward engineered medicines and curative therapies. In this fascinating book, you'll discover: * An overview of the rise of data science methods and the paradigm shift in biology that led to the in silico revolution * An outline of the fundamental breakthroughs in AI and deep learning and their applications across medicine * A compelling argument for the notion that AI and biotechnology tools will rapidly accelerate the development of therapeutics * A summary of innovative breakthroughs in biotechnology with a focus on gene editing and cell reprogramming technologies for therapeutic development * A guide to the startup landscape in AI in medicine, revealing where investments are poised to shape the innovation base for the pharmaceutical industry Perfect for anyone with an interest in scientific topics and technology, In Silico Dreams also belongs on the bookshelves of decision-makers in a wide range of industries, including healthcare, technology, venture capital, and government.

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Notă biografică

BRIAN HILBUSH, PhD, is Director, IT Advanced Analytics and Data Solutions at Veranome Biosystems. He received his doctorate in Neuroscience from Stony Brook University and has over three decades of experience in computational biology, genomics, drug discovery, data science, and artificial intelligence.

Cuprins

Introduction xvii Chapter 1 The Information Revolution's Impact on Biology 1 A Biological Data Avalanche at Warp Speed 5 Tracking SARS-CoV-2 with Genomic Epidemiology 11 Biology's Paradigm Shift Enables In Silico Biology 17 Transitions and Computation in Cancer Research 18 Structural Biology and Genomics 24 Sequencing the Human Genome 27 Computational Biology in the Twenty-First Century 33 Applications of Human Genome Sequencing 35 Analyzing Human Genome Sequence Information 37 Omics Technologies and Systems Biology 40 Chapter 2 A New Era of Artificial Intelligence 53 AI Steps Out of the Bronx 55 From Neurons and Cats Brains to Neural Networks 58 Machine Learning and the Deep Learning Breakthrough 66 Deep Learning Arrives for AI 73 Deep Neural Network Architectures 75 Deep Learning's Beachhead on Medicine: Medical Imaging 78 Limitations on Artificial Intelligence 83 Chapter 3 The Long Road to New Medicines 91 Medicine's Origins: The Role of Opium Since the Stone Age 96 Industrial Manufacturing of Medicines 102 Paul Ehrlich and the Birth of Chemotherapeutic Drug Discovery 108 The Pharmaceutical Industry: Drugs and War--New Medicines in the Twentieth Century 112 From Synthetic Antibiotics to the Search for New Drugs from the Microbial World 116 Developing Therapeutics for Cancer 119 Antifolates and the Emergence of DNA Synthesis Inhibitors 120 Antibiotics as Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs 123 Immunotherapy 125 The Pharmaceutical Business Model in the Twenty-First Century 126 R&D Productivity Challenges Within the Pharmaceutical Industry 131 Sources of Pharmaceutical Innovation: Biotechnology and New Therapeutic Modalities 135 Chapter 4 Gene Editing and the New Tools of Biotechnology 145 Molecular Biology and Biological Information Flow 150 Manipulating Gene Information with Recombinant DNA Technology 154 Genetics, Gene Discovery, and Drugs for Rare Human Diseases 160 Second-Generation Biotechnology Tools: CRISPR- Cas9 and Genome Editing Technologies 167 Human Genome Editing and Clinical Trials 171 Biotechnology to the Rescue: Vaccine Development Platforms Based on Messenger RNA 179 Chapter 5 Healthcare and the Entrance of the Technology Titans 189 Digital Health and the New Healthcare Investment Arena 191 Assessing the Tech Titans as Disruptors in Healthcare 195 Alphabet: Extending Its Tentacles Into Healthcare with Google and Other Bets 196 Apple Inc: Consumer Technology Meets Healthcare 200 Amazon: Taking Logistics to the Next Level for Delivering Healthcare 204 Echoes of the Final Frontier 207 Chapter 6 AI-Based Algorithms in Biology and Medicine 211 Recognizing the Faces of Cancer 217 Tumor Classification Using Deep Learning with Genomic Features 222 AI for Diseases of the Nervous System: Seeing and Changing the Brain 229 Regulatory Approval and Clinical Implementation: Twin Challenges for AI-Based Algorithms in Medicine 234 Chapter 7 AI in Drug Discovery and Development 245 A Brief Survey of In Silico Methods in Drug Discovery 247 Virtual Screening with Cheminformatics and HTS Technologies 250 AI Brings a New Toolset for Computational Drug Design 252 AI-Based Virtual Screening Tools 257 Generative Models for De Novo Drug Design 257 A New Base of Innovation for the Pharmaceutical Industry 259 Atomwise 261 Recursion Pharmaceuticals 262 Deep Genomics 262 Relay Therapeutics 263 Summary 265 Chapter 8 Biotechnology, AI, and Medicine's Future 269 Building Tools to Decipher Molecular Structures and Biological Systems 272 AlphaFold: Going Deep in Protein Structure Prediction 274 Predicting Genome 3D Organization and Regulatory Elements 276 AI Approaches to Link Genetics-Based Targets to Disease 277 Quantum Computing for In Silico Chemistry and Biology 278 Neuroscience and AI: Modeling Brain and Behavior 280 Brain Information Processing and Modularity: Climbing a Granite Wall 283 Engineering Medicines with Biotechnology and AI 289 Glossary 295 Index 303