In the Shadow of the Pole: An Early History of Arctic Expeditions, 1871-1912
Autor S. L. Osborneen Limba Engleză Paperback – 13 ian 2014
In the Shadow of the Pole tells the history of how the Arctic became part of Canada and how the Dominion government established jurisdiction there. It describes the early expeditions to Canada's North, including the little-known Dominion government expeditions to the Subarctic and Arctic carried out between 1884 and 1912. The men on these expeditions conducted scientific research, meteorological studies, geological explorations, and hydrographic surveys. They informed the people they met there of Canada's jurisdiction in the region and raised the flag from Hudson Bay to Ellesmere Island. These men endured as much hardship and adventure as Peary, Nansen, Amundsen, and other famous polar explorers, yet their expeditions were not widely publicized, and they received no glory for their efforts. This book delves into the story of the remarkable Canadian men who led these expeditions.
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9781459717855
ISBN-10: 1459717856
Pagini: 304
Ilustrații: 38
Dimensiuni: 165 x 227 x 19 mm
Greutate: 0.48 kg
Editura: Dundurn Group (CA)
ISBN-10: 1459717856
Pagini: 304
Ilustrații: 38
Dimensiuni: 165 x 227 x 19 mm
Greutate: 0.48 kg
Editura: Dundurn Group (CA)
Cuprins
Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 1
Chapter One
The First American North Pole Expedition……………………………………. 6
The Rescue Mission……………………………………………………………. 10
The Transfer……………………………………………………………………. 16
Chapter Two
A British Polar Expedition……………………………………………………… 24
An American Business Venture………………………………………………… 25
The Second American North Pole Expedition…………………………………. 31The Adjacent Territories Order…………………………………………………. 33
The First International Polar Year ……………………………………………… 36
Chapter Three
An Arctic Shipping Route……………………………………………………… 42
The Hudson Bay and Strait Expedition of 1884……………………………….. 46North to Hudson Strait…………………………………………………………. 50
To Hudson Bay and Back………………………………………………………. 56
Gordon’s 1884 Hudson Bay and Strait Expedition Report…………………….. 60
Bell’s Report of the Expedition………………………………………………… 62
Chapter Four
The Hudson Bay Expedition of 1885 ………………………………………….. 65
The 1885 Expedition Report…………………………………………………… 74
The Hudson Bay Expedition of 1886…………………………………………… 76
The 1886 Expedition Report and Response to It……………………………….. 84
Chapter Five
Nansen’s Polar Drift……………………………………………………………. 89
Yukon and the Western Arctic…………………………………………………. 91
Another Expedition to Hudson Bay and Strait………………………………….. 94
Wakeham’s 1897 Expedition ……………………………………………………. 99
Wakeham’s Report………………………………………………………………. 111
Chapter Six
A Canadian Bid for the Pole……………………………………………………... 114
Foreigners in the Arctic…………………………………………………………... 121
The Boundary Dispute and Other Pressing Matters……………………………... 125
Herschel Island…………………………………………………………………… 127
Chapter Seven
Northern NWMP Posts………………………………………………………….. 130
An Eastern Arctic Expedition…………………………………………………… 132
Low’s Expedition, 1903…………………………………………………………. 137
A Safe Harbour and a Perilous Rescue…………………………………………... 142
Chapter Eight
Fullerton Harbour, 1903………………………………………………………… 148
Asserting Canada’s Authority………………………………………………….. 151
Fullerton Harbour, 1904………………………………………………………… 158
Surveying and Whaling………………………………………………………….. 163
Chapter Nine
A Ship for Bernier………………………………………………………………. 168
Alaska Boundary Resolution…………………………………………………… 170
Preparing for a Northern Expedition…………………………………………. 177
A Commander for the Expedition……………………………………………… 180
The Neptune’s Cruise into Arctic Waters………………………………………. 185
Through the Strait and Back……………………………………………………. 191
Chapter Ten
The Dominion Government Steamer Arctic…………………………………….. 194
Meeting of Ships..........………………………………………………………….. 197
Fullerton Harbour……………………………………………………………….. 198
Overwintering at Fullerton………………………………………………………. 204
Spring and Summer 1905……………………………………………………….. 211
Back to Fullerton……………………………………………………………….. 218
Chapter Eleven
A Question of Supply…………………………………………………………… 221
The 1906 Arctic Expedition……………………………………………………. 223
Annexing the Islands……………………………………………………………. 229
A Winter at Pond Inlet………………………………………………………….. 235
Continuing to Annex the Islands………………………………………............... 240
Chapter Twelve
Cruise of the Arctic, 1908-09……………………………………………………. 245
Into Canadian Arctic Waters…………………………………………………… 248
A Sweeping Proclamation………………………………………………………. 257
An Arctic Patrol…………………………………………………………………. 259
Journey’s End…………………………………………………………………… 263
Chapter Thirteen
To the Northwest Passage, 1910……………………………………………….. 266
Retreat………………………………………………………………………….. 271
Wintering in Arctic Bay………………………………………………………… 274
The Arctic’s Return……………………………………………………………… 285
Afterward
The Hudson Bay Surveys ……………………………………………………… 287
The Hudson Bay Railway………………………………………………………. 289
The Expedition Men………………………………………………………….. 290
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………….. 294
Chapter Notes…………………………………………………………………… 295
Selected Bibliography…………………………………………………………. 296
Index…………………………………………………………………………… 311
Maps and Photographs…………………………………………………………
Chapter One
The First American North Pole Expedition……………………………………. 6
The Rescue Mission……………………………………………………………. 10
The Transfer……………………………………………………………………. 16
Chapter Two
A British Polar Expedition……………………………………………………… 24
An American Business Venture………………………………………………… 25
The Second American North Pole Expedition…………………………………. 31The Adjacent Territories Order…………………………………………………. 33
The First International Polar Year ……………………………………………… 36
Chapter Three
An Arctic Shipping Route……………………………………………………… 42
The Hudson Bay and Strait Expedition of 1884……………………………….. 46North to Hudson Strait…………………………………………………………. 50
To Hudson Bay and Back………………………………………………………. 56
Gordon’s 1884 Hudson Bay and Strait Expedition Report…………………….. 60
Bell’s Report of the Expedition………………………………………………… 62
Chapter Four
The Hudson Bay Expedition of 1885 ………………………………………….. 65
The 1885 Expedition Report…………………………………………………… 74
The Hudson Bay Expedition of 1886…………………………………………… 76
The 1886 Expedition Report and Response to It……………………………….. 84
Chapter Five
Nansen’s Polar Drift……………………………………………………………. 89
Yukon and the Western Arctic…………………………………………………. 91
Another Expedition to Hudson Bay and Strait………………………………….. 94
Wakeham’s 1897 Expedition ……………………………………………………. 99
Wakeham’s Report………………………………………………………………. 111
Chapter Six
A Canadian Bid for the Pole……………………………………………………... 114
Foreigners in the Arctic…………………………………………………………... 121
The Boundary Dispute and Other Pressing Matters……………………………... 125
Herschel Island…………………………………………………………………… 127
Chapter Seven
Northern NWMP Posts………………………………………………………….. 130
An Eastern Arctic Expedition…………………………………………………… 132
Low’s Expedition, 1903…………………………………………………………. 137
A Safe Harbour and a Perilous Rescue…………………………………………... 142
Chapter Eight
Fullerton Harbour, 1903………………………………………………………… 148
Asserting Canada’s Authority………………………………………………….. 151
Fullerton Harbour, 1904………………………………………………………… 158
Surveying and Whaling………………………………………………………….. 163
Chapter Nine
A Ship for Bernier………………………………………………………………. 168
Alaska Boundary Resolution…………………………………………………… 170
Preparing for a Northern Expedition…………………………………………. 177
A Commander for the Expedition……………………………………………… 180
The Neptune’s Cruise into Arctic Waters………………………………………. 185
Through the Strait and Back……………………………………………………. 191
Chapter Ten
The Dominion Government Steamer Arctic…………………………………….. 194
Meeting of Ships..........………………………………………………………….. 197
Fullerton Harbour……………………………………………………………….. 198
Overwintering at Fullerton………………………………………………………. 204
Spring and Summer 1905……………………………………………………….. 211
Back to Fullerton……………………………………………………………….. 218
Chapter Eleven
A Question of Supply…………………………………………………………… 221
The 1906 Arctic Expedition……………………………………………………. 223
Annexing the Islands……………………………………………………………. 229
A Winter at Pond Inlet………………………………………………………….. 235
Continuing to Annex the Islands………………………………………............... 240
Chapter Twelve
Cruise of the Arctic, 1908-09……………………………………………………. 245
Into Canadian Arctic Waters…………………………………………………… 248
A Sweeping Proclamation………………………………………………………. 257
An Arctic Patrol…………………………………………………………………. 259
Journey’s End…………………………………………………………………… 263
Chapter Thirteen
To the Northwest Passage, 1910……………………………………………….. 266
Retreat………………………………………………………………………….. 271
Wintering in Arctic Bay………………………………………………………… 274
The Arctic’s Return……………………………………………………………… 285
Afterward
The Hudson Bay Surveys ……………………………………………………… 287
The Hudson Bay Railway………………………………………………………. 289
The Expedition Men………………………………………………………….. 290
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………….. 294
Chapter Notes…………………………………………………………………… 295
Selected Bibliography…………………………………………………………. 296
Index…………………………………………………………………………… 311
Maps and Photographs…………………………………………………………
Notă biografică
S.L. Osbornea s mastera s thesis on Captain Bernier blossomed into an obsession with Canadian Arctic history. She has worked as a freelance writer for various federal government departments and is currently the publications officer at the Ottawa Hospital Foundation. S.L. Osborne lives in Ottawa.
Descriere
The Arctic became part of Canada in 1880 when it was transferred from Britain. How the transfer came about and what Canada did with its new territory is described. The book focuses on the ten marine expeditions that the Dominion government sent north between 1884 and 1912 and examines what these expeditions accomplished.