Blood-feeding patterns, Plasmodium infection status and seasonal abundance of Anopheles mosquitoes and their association with environmental factors were studied to incriminate malaria vector mosquitoes in Bangladesh. Thirty one species of Anopheles mosquito were collected from the study areas and their distribution maps were presented in this book. An. baimai, An. minimus s.l., An. annularis, An. jamesii, An. maculatus s.l., and An. pallidus are more or less anthropophilic, whereas the other species are zoophilic. Ten species were found Plasmodium positives; An. annularis, An. baimai, An. barbirostris, An. jeyporiensis, An. karwari, An. kochi, An. minimus s.l., An. peditaeniatus, An. philippinensis and An. vagus. Anopheles vagus and An. philippinensis were found dominant species in Bangladesh present almost throughout the year with major peaks in March and smaller peaks in September but An. baimai and An. willmori were found during monsoon only. Rainfall and temperature were the most significant variables influencing An. baimai, An. willmori, An. vagus, and An. subpictus density in Kumari. Abundance of these four species positively related to malaria cases.