This book provides a framework for understanding India's involvement in both Africa and Afghanistan. Indo-African ties are long standing, arising from a unique historical experience that stretches from pre-colonial trade patterns through modern India's generous financial and diplomatic support for African liberation movements in the late 20th century. Motivating India's current activities in Africa is its quests for resources, business opportunities, diplomatic influence, and security. Of particular note is the significant investment that India has made in African security, reflected in both support for and participation in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations, and providing a selective security umbrella and training for some African military leaders. Additionally, this book examines the changing trajectory of Indian policy toward Afghanistan since 2001 and argues that New Delhi has been responding to a strategic environment shaped by other actors in the region. As the U.S.-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization forces prepare to leave Afghanistan in 2014, India stands at a crossroads as it remains keen to preserve its interests in Afghanistan.