The commercial intercourse between India and West Asia can be traced out from antiquity. If one leaves out the commercial relations between West Asia and India in the Bronze Age phase (3rd Millennium B.C.), then in the historical period a clear picture of this trade can be presented from 6th century B.C. with continuity. The book covers the period from 6th Century BC to 3rd Century AD. Specifically, the work seeks to explain (a) how the forces of exchange of commerce became an important part of the study of Indian trade history, (b) the impact of political relations on trade, in addition to exchange of goods, (c) the elaborate arrangement of Mauryas to get control over trade and exchange of cultural ingredients and (d) exchange of goods, market places, system of transport and communication etc. in commercial relations during the period under study.