This document was created to provide background on Cambodia and its ethnic minoritites at the Regional Workshop on Indigenous Peoples and Poverty Reduction. Examined is the definition of indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in Cambodia, their characteristics, their history, and their geographical locations. Also reviewed is present law and policy relating to these groups as it affects programs and policies for poverty reduction. Various projects for the development of indigenous peoples are presented, and trends, causes, and perceptions relating to their poverty are explored. General and specific concerns that need to be addressed by government and donor institutions are identified, and an action plan that can be used by both national and international organizations to focus and coordinate future development efforts for highland indigenous peoples is provided.