Indigenous Rights in the Modern Era: Regaining What Has Been Lost: Studies in Territorial and Cultural Diversity Governance, cartea 18
Autor Bertus de Villiersen Limba Engleză Hardback – 28 iun 2023
In many comparative works there are often only scant or brief reference to some country-experiences, but in this book several case studies are explored in depth to promote a greater understanding of the self-determination arrangements that have been implemented. These case studies represent a form of glocalisation, whereby global principles are applied to find local solutions, and local solutions in turn inform greater clarity and specificity to global principles. At the end of each chapter key lessons that can be drawn from the respective case studies are identified in the hope that those may inform developments in other countries and in international law.
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9789004545656
ISBN-10: 9004545654
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 0 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill | Nijhoff
Seria Studies in Territorial and Cultural Diversity Governance
ISBN-10: 9004545654
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 0 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill | Nijhoff
Seria Studies in Territorial and Cultural Diversity Governance
Notă biografică
Bertus de Villiers (LL.D 1989) is a Distinguished Visiting Professor at the School of Law of the University of Johannesburg. He has published extensively in the fields of indigenous and minority rights. He has given advice in several countries about the design of institutions to accommodate legal plurality, minority rights, and indigenous rights. As a legal practitioner he has represented Aboriginal communities in Australia.
Cuprins
Acknowledgements
1Setting the Scene
2Recognising Indigenous Sovereignty – Sort Of Essential Principles in International Law to Operationalise the Right to Self-determination of Indigenous Peoples
1 Background
2 The Road in International Law to Collective Rights and Self-determination for Indigenous People
3 Indigenous People: Legal Entity and Collective Rights
3.1Australia
3.2Nicaragua
3.3Argentina
3.4Kenya
3.5South Africa
3.6Paraguay
3.7Botswana
3.8India
3.9Namibia
4 Indigenous People: Controlling Membership of a Community vis-a-vis Freedom of Association
5 Indigenous People: Meaning of Self-determination in International Law
5.1Governance Rights
5.2Policy Development Rights
5.3Free, Prior and Informed Consent
5.4Legal Processes
5.5General Policy Participatory Rights
6 Summary
3Right to Be Consulted, but the Frustration of Being Ignored The Ongoing Efforts in International Law to Give Practical Meaning to Free, Prior and Informed Consent
1 Introduction
2 Consultation: From International Law Theory to Practical Guidelines for Free, Prior and Informed Consent
2.1Consultation Pursuant to ilo 169
2.2Consultation Pursuant undrip
2.3Standard-Setting Guidance by the Human Rights Committee; the Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights; and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
2.3.1 Consultation Regarding Traditional Lands
2.3.2 Consultation as a Fundamental Human Right
2.3.3 Free, Prior and Informed Consent
2.3.4 Access to Traditional Lands
2.3.5 Effective Participation in Decisions that Affect Them
2.3.6 Failure to Consult Implies Discrimination
2.3.7 Legal Mechanism to Resolve Disputes
2.3.8 Right to Be Consulted When Traditional Lands Affected
2.4Good Faith Consultation Pursuant to the “Right to Negotiate” in Australia
2.4.1 Practical Meaning of “Good Faith” Negotiations
2.4.2 Examples of Behaviour that Does Not Indicate Lack of Good Faith
2.4.3 Concluding Observations about the Right to Negotiate
2.5Difference between “in” Consultation and “after” Consultation in South Africa
3 Concluding Observations about the Duty to Consult with Indigenous People in International Law
4Speaking, but Does Anyone Listen? The Path of Progress and Frustration with Indigenous Advisory Bodies of the Sámi, Aboriginal People, and the Khoisan
1 Introduction
2 Australia: Why Is It So Difficult to Consult?
3 The Sámi Parliament of Finland: A “Parliament” in Name, but What about the “Obligation to Negotiate”?
4 The Khoisan: First Inhabitants of Southern Africa, but the Last in Consultancy Rights
5 Responses to the Four Questions about Indigenous Consultative Bodies
5.1Question 1: Meaning of Consult in the Context of fpic
5.2Question 2: Functional Areas for Consultation
5.3Question 3: Composition of Indigenous Body
5.4Question 4: Can Laws and Policy Decisions Be Legally Reviewed for Lack of Consultation?
5Quotas in the Modern Era The Reserved Māori Seats in New Zealand
1 Introduction
2 Relevance of the Māori-Seats to Contemporary Constitution Drafters
3 Background of the Māori
4 Background to the Māori Reserved Seats
5 Questions Arising from the Reserved Seats
5.1How Is the Māori Defined?
5.2How Is the Electoral List of the Māori Reserved Seats Put Together?
5.3How Are Disputes about Registration of Māori Voters or Candidates Resolved?
5.4Observations Drawn from the Māori Experience
6 Summary
6Our Land, Our Life Linking Self-determination to Land Restoration in the Case of the Makuleke Joint Management Agreement in the Kruger National Park
1 Introduction
2 International Law, Restoration of Rights to Land and Self-Determination
3 Background to Land Reform in South Africa and the Makuleke
4 Terms of the Makuleke Agreement
4.1Setting the Scene
4.2Status of the Land
4.3Contractual National Park
4.4Joint Management Board to Manage the Makuleke Region
4.5Powers and Functions of the Joint Management Board
4.6Responsibilities of SANParks
4.7Transfer of Skills and Commercial Activities
4.8Resource Use Rights
4.9Income and Expenditure Related to the Makuleke Region
4.10Examples of Projects by the Makuleke
4.10.1 Luxury Ecotourism Facilities
4.10.2 Anti-poaching Unit
4.10.3 General Tourism Activities outside the Kruger Park
4.10.4 Tourism Employment within the Makuleke Region
4.10.5 Concession Fees Payable to the Makuleke Community
4.10.6 Environmental Training of the Makuleke
4.10.7 Educational Standards of the Makuleke
4.10.8 Implementation Officer Employed by the Makuleke
4.10.9 Self-Governing Institutions of the Makuleke
4.10.10 Community Cohesion of the Makuleke
4.10.11 Distributing Benefits amongst the Makuleke
4.11Resolution of Disagreements
5 Concluding Observations
7Modernism versus Traditionalism A Reflection on the Noken Electoral System of West Papua
1 Introduction
2 Background to the Political Use of Noken
3 Noken-System: Its Cultural Meaning and Political Use
4 Constitutional Court Recognition of Noken as Substitute for Popular Vote
5 Noken-Elections: The Aftermath of the 2009-Judgement
6 Concluding Observations
8Going It Alone Privatised, Cultural Self-Government for Afrikaners in South Africa: Insights from a Non-indigenous Community in Functional Self-Determination
1 Introduction
2 Context of Afrikaans Self-help Initiatives
3 Gauteng Education Bill-Case: The Basis for the Dogma That Funding of Equality, Trumps Funding of Diversity
4 Who Is the Afrikaans Community?
5 Opportunities for Self-Determination of Communities under the Constitution
5.1Decentralisation to Provincial Government
5.2Advisory Bodies – Underutilised Potential
5.3Possible Cultural Council – Remaining Dormant
6 Language and Cultural Free Association and Parallel State-Like Structures
6.1What, If Anything, Makes the Initiatives of the Afrikaans Community Unique?
6.2Indicators of State Failures in Service Delivery Giving Rise to the Afrikaans Self-Do-Culture
6.3Going It Alone: Functional Autonomy and Examples of Afrikaans Parallel State-Development
6.3.1 What is Functional Autonomy?
6.3.2 Examples of Afrikaans Functional Autonomy in Practice
7 Summary
9Regaining What Has Been Lost The Art of the Possible
1 Theme 1: Is It Feasible to Wait for a Lazarus-Moment?
2 Theme 2: Indigenous Rights: Caught between Idealism and Pragmatism
3 Theme 3: Are Indigenous Rights “Restored” or “Granted”?
4 Theme 4: How Are Indigenous Rights Secured?
5 Theme 5: Symbioses between International Law and Municipal Law
6 Theme 6: Why Are the Rights of Indigenous People Unique?
7 Theme 7: What Is the Practical Difference between Indigenous Rights and Other Ethnocultural Minority Rights?
8 Theme 8: Can Definitional Hurdles Be Overcome?
9 Theme 9: When Does a Claim Become a Right?
10 Theme 10: Universal Rights or State-Based Bundle of Rights?
11 Theme 11: Institutional Design – a Matter for Domestic Law
12 Theme 12: Free, Prior and Informed Consent – Ongoing Search for Meaning, Content and Enforcement
13 Theme 13: Do-It-for-Me-Government or Do-It-Yourself Functional Autonomy (diy)?
Bibliography
Index
1Setting the Scene
2Recognising Indigenous Sovereignty – Sort Of Essential Principles in International Law to Operationalise the Right to Self-determination of Indigenous Peoples
1 Background
2 The Road in International Law to Collective Rights and Self-determination for Indigenous People
3 Indigenous People: Legal Entity and Collective Rights
3.1Australia
3.2Nicaragua
3.3Argentina
3.4Kenya
3.5South Africa
3.6Paraguay
3.7Botswana
3.8India
3.9Namibia
4 Indigenous People: Controlling Membership of a Community vis-a-vis Freedom of Association
5 Indigenous People: Meaning of Self-determination in International Law
5.1Governance Rights
5.2Policy Development Rights
5.3Free, Prior and Informed Consent
5.4Legal Processes
5.5General Policy Participatory Rights
6 Summary
3Right to Be Consulted, but the Frustration of Being Ignored The Ongoing Efforts in International Law to Give Practical Meaning to Free, Prior and Informed Consent
1 Introduction
2 Consultation: From International Law Theory to Practical Guidelines for Free, Prior and Informed Consent
2.1Consultation Pursuant to ilo 169
2.2Consultation Pursuant undrip
2.3Standard-Setting Guidance by the Human Rights Committee; the Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights; and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
2.3.1 Consultation Regarding Traditional Lands
2.3.2 Consultation as a Fundamental Human Right
2.3.3 Free, Prior and Informed Consent
2.3.4 Access to Traditional Lands
2.3.5 Effective Participation in Decisions that Affect Them
2.3.6 Failure to Consult Implies Discrimination
2.3.7 Legal Mechanism to Resolve Disputes
2.3.8 Right to Be Consulted When Traditional Lands Affected
2.4Good Faith Consultation Pursuant to the “Right to Negotiate” in Australia
2.4.1 Practical Meaning of “Good Faith” Negotiations
2.4.2 Examples of Behaviour that Does Not Indicate Lack of Good Faith
2.4.3 Concluding Observations about the Right to Negotiate
2.5Difference between “in” Consultation and “after” Consultation in South Africa
3 Concluding Observations about the Duty to Consult with Indigenous People in International Law
4Speaking, but Does Anyone Listen? The Path of Progress and Frustration with Indigenous Advisory Bodies of the Sámi, Aboriginal People, and the Khoisan
1 Introduction
2 Australia: Why Is It So Difficult to Consult?
3 The Sámi Parliament of Finland: A “Parliament” in Name, but What about the “Obligation to Negotiate”?
4 The Khoisan: First Inhabitants of Southern Africa, but the Last in Consultancy Rights
5 Responses to the Four Questions about Indigenous Consultative Bodies
5.1Question 1: Meaning of Consult in the Context of fpic
5.2Question 2: Functional Areas for Consultation
5.3Question 3: Composition of Indigenous Body
5.4Question 4: Can Laws and Policy Decisions Be Legally Reviewed for Lack of Consultation?
5Quotas in the Modern Era The Reserved Māori Seats in New Zealand
1 Introduction
2 Relevance of the Māori-Seats to Contemporary Constitution Drafters
3 Background of the Māori
4 Background to the Māori Reserved Seats
5 Questions Arising from the Reserved Seats
5.1How Is the Māori Defined?
5.2How Is the Electoral List of the Māori Reserved Seats Put Together?
5.3How Are Disputes about Registration of Māori Voters or Candidates Resolved?
5.4Observations Drawn from the Māori Experience
6 Summary
6Our Land, Our Life Linking Self-determination to Land Restoration in the Case of the Makuleke Joint Management Agreement in the Kruger National Park
1 Introduction
2 International Law, Restoration of Rights to Land and Self-Determination
3 Background to Land Reform in South Africa and the Makuleke
4 Terms of the Makuleke Agreement
4.1Setting the Scene
4.2Status of the Land
4.3Contractual National Park
4.4Joint Management Board to Manage the Makuleke Region
4.5Powers and Functions of the Joint Management Board
4.6Responsibilities of SANParks
4.7Transfer of Skills and Commercial Activities
4.8Resource Use Rights
4.9Income and Expenditure Related to the Makuleke Region
4.10Examples of Projects by the Makuleke
4.10.1 Luxury Ecotourism Facilities
4.10.2 Anti-poaching Unit
4.10.3 General Tourism Activities outside the Kruger Park
4.10.4 Tourism Employment within the Makuleke Region
4.10.5 Concession Fees Payable to the Makuleke Community
4.10.6 Environmental Training of the Makuleke
4.10.7 Educational Standards of the Makuleke
4.10.8 Implementation Officer Employed by the Makuleke
4.10.9 Self-Governing Institutions of the Makuleke
4.10.10 Community Cohesion of the Makuleke
4.10.11 Distributing Benefits amongst the Makuleke
4.11Resolution of Disagreements
5 Concluding Observations
7Modernism versus Traditionalism A Reflection on the Noken Electoral System of West Papua
1 Introduction
2 Background to the Political Use of Noken
3 Noken-System: Its Cultural Meaning and Political Use
4 Constitutional Court Recognition of Noken as Substitute for Popular Vote
5 Noken-Elections: The Aftermath of the 2009-Judgement
6 Concluding Observations
8Going It Alone Privatised, Cultural Self-Government for Afrikaners in South Africa: Insights from a Non-indigenous Community in Functional Self-Determination
1 Introduction
2 Context of Afrikaans Self-help Initiatives
3 Gauteng Education Bill-Case: The Basis for the Dogma That Funding of Equality, Trumps Funding of Diversity
4 Who Is the Afrikaans Community?
5 Opportunities for Self-Determination of Communities under the Constitution
5.1Decentralisation to Provincial Government
5.2Advisory Bodies – Underutilised Potential
5.3Possible Cultural Council – Remaining Dormant
6 Language and Cultural Free Association and Parallel State-Like Structures
6.1What, If Anything, Makes the Initiatives of the Afrikaans Community Unique?
6.2Indicators of State Failures in Service Delivery Giving Rise to the Afrikaans Self-Do-Culture
6.3Going It Alone: Functional Autonomy and Examples of Afrikaans Parallel State-Development
6.3.1 What is Functional Autonomy?
6.3.2 Examples of Afrikaans Functional Autonomy in Practice
7 Summary
9Regaining What Has Been Lost The Art of the Possible
1 Theme 1: Is It Feasible to Wait for a Lazarus-Moment?
2 Theme 2: Indigenous Rights: Caught between Idealism and Pragmatism
3 Theme 3: Are Indigenous Rights “Restored” or “Granted”?
4 Theme 4: How Are Indigenous Rights Secured?
5 Theme 5: Symbioses between International Law and Municipal Law
6 Theme 6: Why Are the Rights of Indigenous People Unique?
7 Theme 7: What Is the Practical Difference between Indigenous Rights and Other Ethnocultural Minority Rights?
8 Theme 8: Can Definitional Hurdles Be Overcome?
9 Theme 9: When Does a Claim Become a Right?
10 Theme 10: Universal Rights or State-Based Bundle of Rights?
11 Theme 11: Institutional Design – a Matter for Domestic Law
12 Theme 12: Free, Prior and Informed Consent – Ongoing Search for Meaning, Content and Enforcement
13 Theme 13: Do-It-for-Me-Government or Do-It-Yourself Functional Autonomy (diy)?
Bibliography
Index