The emergence of the problem of the indigenous woman in the critical horizon of the scientific mentality that managed the emancipating project of Peru is investigated, as an organic response to the spiritual, scientific, intellectual and ethical-political crisis that is the natural consequence of the collapse of the archaic colonial regime in Peru and the Andean region. Consequently, the historical-formative, epistemological, semantic-meaningful, constructive and attitudinal aspects involved in the scientific formulation of this problem are discussed. It explains, then, the critical process through which indigenous women become protagonists in critical studies and, above all, producers of discourse and, consequently, of discursive criticism. It is concluded that the integration of indigenous women into Peruvian citizenship continues to be a current and valid challenge.