Oil and gas act as both raw materials and fuels to the industrial sector across the globe. This book discusses the tools and techniques employed for exploration and production of oil and gas. It also elucidates the process for refining of petroleum. Some emerging sources for alternative energy have also been covered herein. It strives to provide a fair idea about this subject to students, and also helps academicians and researchers to help develop a better understanding of the latest technological advances within this field.