The demand for plant-based industrial raw materials as alternatives to synthetically produced materials has increased, as has research into expanding the utility of plants for current and future uses. Non-food crops can be used in a variety of different industries and products including bioenergy, industrial oil and starch, fiber and dye, rubber and related compounds, insecticide and land rehabilitation. Comprehensively covering each of these uses, chapters discuss the identification of plant species with desired traits, their cultivation to obtain the needed raw materials, methods utilized in producing different finished products, current and future research in crop production and processing, and the present status and future prospects of the industry.