Prevention is better than cure and prevention is the best - way to cure rather then abatement. In this monograph, all of them from my research work for the last 10 years, have been discussed the industrial effluents and heavy metals effects on physico-chemical and biological characterization of Indian river cauvery water, biology of fish - Catla catla, quail-quantitative study of planktons, bioaccumulation of heavy metals and its impact on fish histoarchitecture (both normal and ultra structural), guidelines for waste water treatment and recommendation for agricultural and aquaculture practices in future to attain sustainability. This book can be used as an under and post graduate text / reference book in zoology, botany, life science, agricultural and environmental sciences and also be useful to researches who are concerned with environmental management and pollution control. I am to grateful to authorities of Annamalai University for their permission to write this book and all the helps I received in my service.