Ingratiation from the Renaissance to the Present explores a common ethical problem for intellectuals of the Renaissance: How does one win the favor and patronage of the wealthy and powerful and yet maintain one's dignity, independence, or principles? This study examines this and similar ethical dilemmas and how they were reflected in the lives and writings of intellectuals of the period--particularly Niccolo Machiavelli, Desiderius Erasmus, Thomas More, and Michel de Montaigne. It also places the issues within their larger social and cultural context and provides comparisons to the contemporary world.