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Integrated Science

Autor Bill Tillery, Eldon Enger, Frederick Ross
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 30 iun 2003
Integrated Science is a straight forward, easy-to-read, but substantial introduction to the fundamental behavior of matter and energy in living and nonliving systems. It is intended to serve the needs of non-science majors who are required to complete one or more science courses as part of a general or basic studies requirement. It introduces basic concepts and key ideas while providing opportunities for students to learn reasoning skills and a new way of thinking about their environment. No prior work in science is assumed. The language, as well as the mathematics, is as simple as can be practical for a college-level science course.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780072467000
ISBN-10: 0072467002
Pagini: 650
Dimensiuni: 229 x 279 x 25 mm
Greutate: 0 kg
Ediția:Revised
Editura: McGraw-Hill
Colecția McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Locul publicării:United States

Cuprins

Chapter One – What Is Science?

Objects and Properties

Quantifying Properties

Measurement Systems

Standard Units for the Metric System
Length
Mass
Time

A Closer Look: The Leap Second

Metric Prefixes

Understanding from Measurements

Data
Ratios and Generalizations
The Density Ratio

Symbols and Equations

The Nature of Science
The Scientific Method
Explanations and Investigations
Scientific Laws
Models and Theories

Science, Nonscience, and Pseudoscience

From Experimentation to Application
Science and Nonscience
Pseudoscience
Limitations of Science

Chapter Two - Motion

Describing Motion

Measuring Motion
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration

Forces

A Closer Look: A Bicycle Racer's Edge

Horizontal Motion on Land

Falling Objects

Compound Motion

Vertical Projectiles
Horizontal Projectiles

Laws of Motion

Newton's First Law of Motion
Newton's Second Law of Motion
Weight and Mass
Newton's Third Law of Motion

Momentum

Conservation of Momentum
Impulse

Forces and Circular Motion

Newton's Law of Gravitation

A Closer Look: Space Station Weightlessness

Chapter Three - Energy

Work

Units of Work
Power

Motion, Position, and Energy

Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy

Energy Flow

Energy Forms
Energy Conversion
Energy Conservation
Energy Transfer

Energy Sources Today

Petroleum
Coal
Moving Water
Nuclear

A Closer Look: Solar Technology

Chapter Four - Heat and Temperature

The Kinetic Molecular Theory

Molecules
Molecules Interact
Phases of Matter
Molecules Move

Temperature

Thermometers
Thermometer Scales

Heat

Heat as Energy Transfer
Measures of Heat
Specific Heat
Heat Flow
Conduction
Convection
Radiation

A Closer Look: Passive Solar Design

Energy, Heat, and Molecular Theory
Phase Change
Evaporation and Condensation
Relative Humidity
Thermodynamics

Chapter Five - Wave Motions and Sound

Forces and Elastic Materials

Forces and Vibrations
Describing Vibrations

Waves

Kinds of Waves
Waves in Air

A Closer Look: Ultrasonics

Hearing Waves in Air

Describing Waves

Sound Waves
Velocity of Sound in Air
Refraction and Reflection
Interference

Energy and Sound

Loudness
Resonance

Sources of Sounds

Vibrating Strings
Sounds from Moving Sources

Chapter Six - Electricity

Electric Charge

Measuring Electrical Charge
Measuring Electrical Force

Electric Current

Resistance
AC and DC

Electric Circuit

A Closer Look: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Electrical Power and Work

A Closer Look: Household Circuits and Safety

Magnetism

Moving Charges and Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Fields Interact

A Moving Magnet Produces an Electric Field

A Closer Look: Solar Cells

Chapter Seven - Light

Sources of Light

Properties of Light
Light Interacts with Matter
Reflection
Refraction

A Closer Look: Optics

Dispersion and Color

A Closer Look: The Rainbow

Evidence for Waves
Interference
Polarization

Evidence for Particles

Photoelectric Effect
Quantization of Energy

A Closer Look: The Compact Disc (CD)

The Present Theory

Chapter Eight – Atoms and Periodic Properties

Atomic Structure Discovered

Discovery of the Electron
The Nucleus

The Bohr Model

The Quantum Concept
Atomic Spectra
Bohr's Theory

Quantum Mechanics

Electron Configuration

The Periodic Table

A Closer Look: The Rare Earths
Metals, Nonmetals, and Semiconductors

Chapter Nine – Chemical Reactions

Compounds

Elements

Chemical Change

Valence Electrons and Ions

Chemical Bonds

Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds

Composition of Compounds

A Closer Look: Name That Compound

A Closer Look: How To Units a Chemical Formula

Chemical Equations

A Closer Look: On Balancing Equations

Types of Chemical Reactions

Chapter Ten – Water and Solutions

Household Water

Properties of Water
Structure of the Water Molecule
The Dissolving Process
Concentration of Solutions
Solubility

Properties of Water Solutions

Electrolytes
Boiling Point
Freezing Point

Acids, Bases, and Salts

Properties of Acids and Bases
Explaining Acid-Base Properties
Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
The pH Scale
Properties of Salts
Hard and Soft Water

A Closer Look: Acid Rain

Chapter Eleven - Nuclear Reactions

Natural Radioactivity

Nuclear Equations
The Nature of the Nucleus
Types of Radioactive Decay
Radioactive Decay Series

Measurement of Radiation

Measurement Methods
Radiation Units
Radiation Exposure

Nuclear Energy

A Closer Look: Nuclear Medicine
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Power Plants

A Closer Look: Three Mile Island and Chernobyl

Nuclear Fusion

A Closer Look: Nuclear Waste

Chapter Twelve - The Universe

The Night Sky

Origin of Stars

Brightness of Stars

Star Temperature

Star Types

The Life of a Star

Galaxies

The Milky Way Galaxy
Other Galaxies

A Closer Look: Extraterrestrials?

The Life of a Galaxy

A Closer Look: Dark Matter

Chapter Thirteen - The Solar System

The Planets, Moons, and Other Bodies

Mercury
Venus
Earth’s Moon
Mars

A Closer Look: Planets and Astrology

Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto

Small Bodies of the Solar System

Comets
Asteroids
Meteors and Meteorites

A Closer Look: Strange Meteorites

Origin of the Solar System

Chapter Fourteen - The Earth

Earth Materials

Minerals

A Closer Look: Asbestos

Rocks
The Rock Cycle

The Earth's Interior

The Crust
The Mantle
The Core
A More Detailed Structure

Plate Tectonics

Evidence from Earth's Magnetic Field
Evidence from the Ocean
Lithosphere Plates and Boundaries

A Closer Look: Seismic Topography

Present-day Understandings

A Closer Look: Measuring Plate Movement

Chapter Fifteen - The Earth's Surface

Interpreting Earth's Surface

Processes That Build Up the Surface
Stress and Strain
Folding
Faulting

Earthquakes

Origin of the Mountains

A Closer Look: Volcanoes Change the World

Processes that Tear Down the Surface
Weathering

A Closer Look: Acid Rain and Chemical Weathering

A Closer Look: Municipal Solid Waste Problems
Erosion
Wind

Chapter Sixteen - Earth's Weather

The Atmosphere

Composition of the Atmosphere
Atmospheric Pressure
Warming the Atmosphere
Structure of the Atmosphere

The Winds

Local Wind Patterns

A Closer Look: The Wind Chill Factor

Global Wind Patterns

A Closer Look: Wind Power

Water and the Atmosphere
Evaporation and Condensation
Fog and Clouds
Precipitation

Weather Producers

Air Masses
Weather Fronts
Waves and Cyclones
Major Storms

Weather Forecasting

Climate
Major Climate Groups
Regional Climate Influence

A Closer Look: El Nino and La Nina

Chapter Seventeen - Earth's Waters

Water on the Earth

Freshwater
Surface Water
Groundwater
Freshwater as a Resource

A Closer Look: Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment

Seawater
Oceans and Seas
The Nature of Seawater
Movement of Seawater

A Closer Look: Estuary Pollution

The Ocean Floor

A Closer Look: Key Forecasting Tool for the Chesapeake Bay

Chapter Eighteen – Organic and Biochemistry

Organic Compounds

Hydrocarbons
Alkenes and Alkynes
Cycloalkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Petroleum

Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Alcohols
Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones
Organic Acids and Esters

Organic Compounds of Life

Carbohydrates
Proteins

A Closer Look: Some Interesting Amino Acid Information

Nucleic Acids
Lipids

A Closer Look: Omega Fatty Acids and Your Diet

A Closer Look: Fat and Your Diet

Synthetic Polymers

Chapter Nineteen – The Nature of Living Things

Characteristics of Life

The Cell Theory

A Closer Look: The Energy Currency of Living Things--ATP

Cell Membranes

Getting Through Membranes

Diffusion
Dialysis and Osmosis
Controlled Methods of Transporting Molecules

Organelles Composed of Membranes

A Closer Look: Biochemical Pathways

Nonmembranous Organelles

Nuclear Components

Major Cell Types

The Prokaryotic Cell Structure

A Closer Look: Antibiotics and Cell Structural Differences

The Eukaryotic Cell Structure

The Importance of Cell Division

The Cell Cycle

The Stages of Mitosis

A Closer Look: Abnormal Cell Division: Cancer

Chapter Twenty - The Origin and Evolution of Life

Current Thinking About the Origin of Life

Extraterrestrial Origin for Life on Earth
Earth Origin for Life on Earth

Meeting Metabolic Needs -- Heterotrophs or Autotrophs

Reproduction and the Origin of Genetic Material

Major Events in the Early Evolution of Living Things

The Development of an Oxidizing Atmosphere
The Establishment of Three Major Domains of Life

The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells

The Role of Natural Selection in Evolution

What Influences Natural Selection?

Genetic Variety Resulting from Mutation
Genetic Variety Resulting from Sexual Reproduction
Acquired Characteristics Do Not Influence Natural Selection

Processes That Drive Natural Selection

Differential Survival
Differential Production Rates
Differential Mate Selection

A Closer Look: Human Designed Organisms

A Summary of the Causes of Evolutionary Change

Accumulating Evidence of Evolution

A Closer Look: Common Misconceptions About the Theory of Evolution

Species: A Working Definition

A Closer Look: Is the Red Wolf a Species?

How New Species Originate

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

The Tentative Nature of the Evolutionary History of Organisms

Chapter Twenty-one – The History of Life on Earth

Geologic Time

Early Attempts at Earth Dating
Modern Techniques for Determining the Age of the Earth
Arranging Events in Order

Geologic Time and the Fossil Record

Early Ideas About Fossils
Types of Fossils
Correlating Fossils with Geologic Time

A Closer Look: What is Carbon-14 Dating?

The Geologic Time Scale

Paleontology, Archaeology, and Human Evolution

A Closer Look: Neanderthals Were Probably a Different Species
The First Hominids—The Australopiths
Later Hominids—The Genus Homo
The Origin of Homo sapiens

The Classification of Organisms

Domains Archaea and Eubacteria
Domain Eucarya

A Closer Look: The World’s Oldest and Largest Living Organisms

Acellular Infectious Particles
Viroids: Infectious RNA
Prions: Infectious Proteins

Chapter Twenty-two - Ecology and Environment

A Definition of Environment

The Organization of Ecological Systems

Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Community Interactions

Types of Terrestrial Communities

Temperate Deciduous Forest
Grassland or Prairie
Savanna
Desert
Boreal Forest
Temperate Rainforest
Tundra
Tropical Rainforest

Types of Aquatic Communities

Marine Communities
Freshwater Communities
Estuaries

Community, Habitat, and Niche

A Closer Look: The Importance of Habitat Size

Kinds of Organism Interactions

Predation
Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Competition

The Cycling of Materials in Ecosystems

The Carbon Cycle

A Closer Look: Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming

The Nitrogen Cycle

Population Characteristics

The Population Growth Curve

Population-Size Limitations

A Closer Look: Government Policy and Population Control in China

Limiting Factors to Human Population Growth

Chapter Twenty-three – Human Biology: Sex and Nutrition

Sexual Reproduction

The Mechanics of Meiosis: Meiosis I
Chromosomes and Sex Determination

A Closer Look: Karyotyping and Down Syndrome

Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis

A Closer Look: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

A Closer Look: The Human Genome Project

Sexual Maturation of Young Adults

Nutrition
Living Things as Chemical Factories: Matter and Energy
Manipulators
Kilocalories, Basal Metabolism, and Weight Control
Amounts and Sources of Nutrients
The Food Guide Pyramid with Five Food Groups
Eating Disorders

A Closer Look: Nutritional Needs Associated with Pregnancy and Lactation

Deficiency Diseases

Chapter Twenty-four – Human Biology: Materials Exchange and Control Mechanisms

Exchanging Materials: Basic Principles

Transporting Materials: The Circulatory System
The Nature of Blood
The Heart
Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries

Exchanging Gases: The Respiratory System

A Closer Look: Cigarette Smoking and Your Health

Obtaining Nutrients: The Digestive System

Mechanical and Chemical Processing
Nutrient Uptake

Waste Disposal: The Excretory System

Control Mechanisms
The Structure of the Nervous System
The Nature of the Nerve Impulse
Activities at the Synapse
Endocrine System Function

Sensory Input

Chemical Detection
Light Detection
Sound Detection
Touch

Output Mechanisms

Muscles

A Closer Look: Which Type of Exercise Do You Do?

Glands

Growth Responses

Chapter Twenty-five - Mendelian and Molecular Genetics

Genetics, Meiosis, and Cells

Single-Gene Inheritance Patterns
Dominant and Recessive Alleles
Codominance
X-Linked Genes

Mendel's Laws of Heredity

A Closer Look: Cystic Fibrosis -- What's the Probability?

Steps in Solving Heredity Problems: Single Factor Crosses

A Closer Look: Blame That Trait on Your Mother!

A Closer Look: Muscular Dystrophy and Genetics

Alternative Inheritance Situations
Multiple Alles
Polygenic Inheritance
Pleiotropy

Environmental Influences on Gene Expression

What is a Gene and How Does It Work?
The Structure of DNA and RNA

A Closer Look: Of Men (and Women!), Microbes, and Molecules

DNA Replication
DNA Transcription
Translation of Protein Synthesis

A Closer Look: Basic Steps of Translation

Alterations of DNA

A Closer Look: The PCR and Genetic Fingerprinting

Genetic Engineering

Appendix A

Mathematical Review

Working with Equations
Significant Figures
Conversion of Units
Scientific Notation

Appendix B

Solubilities Chart

Appendix C

Relative Humidity Table

Appendix D

Solutions for Group A Parallel Exercises

Appendix E

Problem Solving

Glossary

Credits

Index