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International Law of Sharks: Obstacles, Options and Opportunities: Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development, cartea 24

Autor Erika J. Techera, Natalie Klein
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 25 apr 2017
In International Law of Sharks, Erika J. Techera and Natalie Klein provide an in-depth analysis of the current legal frameworks that relate to these important species. The authors offer ways in which to overcome obstacles that prevent existing laws from working better and identify best practice global governance options while highlighting opportunities for legal reform.

Scientific evidence indicates that sharks play a critical role in maintaining marine ecosystem health, yet current governance regimes have not been effective and many shark species continue to diminish. In this context, effective laws are critical to improve sharks’ conservation status. This volume also explores the broader relevance of oceans governance by identifying appropriate legal frameworks and regulatory mechanisms that balance conservation and utilisation of marine species in general.
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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9789004345508
ISBN-10: 9004345507
Pagini: 282
Dimensiuni: 155 x 235 mm
Greutate: 0.54 kg
Editura: Brill
Colecția Brill | Nijhoff
Seria Legal Aspects of Sustainable Development


Cuprins

Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
List of Treaties
List of Foreign Legislation
List of Cases
List of Figures

Chapter 1. The Case for Sharks

1Why sharks
1.1Scientific knowledge
1.2Societal attitudes and approaches
1.3Values
2Legal dimensions
2.1Legal responses
2.2Legal challenges
3Global influences
3.1Holistic approaches
3.2Ecosystem-based management
3.3Inter-disciplinarity
4Moving forward
4.1Underpinning principles, concepts and approaches
4.2Fragmented governance
4.3Implementation
5Conclusion

Chapter 2. International Law Framework

1Introduction
2UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the 1995 Fish Stocks Agreement
3International Plan of Action for Sharks
4Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
5Convention on Migratory Species and the Sharks Memorandum of Understanding
6Key Environmental Principles
6.1Sustainable development and sustainable management
6.2Precautionary approach
6.3Environmental impact assessments
6.4Ecosystem-based approach
6.5Biodiversity protection
7Conclusion

Chapter 3. Governance and Regulation

1Linking governance and sustainability
1.1Defining sustainability
1.2What is good governance
2Environmental governance theories
2.1Hierarchical theories
2.2Multi-layered approaches
2.3A return to principles
3Regulation
3.1Regulatory theory
3.2Environmental regulation
3.3Regulatory pluralism
4Bringing it altogether
4.1Foundations
4.2Achieving goals
5Conclusion

Chapter 4. Species-Based Measures

1Species-based approaches
1.1Background
1.2The emergence of law and policy
1.3Defining species-based approaches
1.4Substance of species-based mechanisms
1.5Inter-disciplinarity
2Legal frameworks for protections of species
2.1Historical developments
2.2International environmental laws
2.3Fisheries regulation
2.4Other activities impacting species: marine eco-tourism
3Shark specific measures
3.1Fishing and finning bans
3.2Gear and equipment
3.3Supply chain
4Gaps and challenges
5Conclusion

Chapter 5. Spatial and Area Measures

1Exploring area-based measures
1.1Background
1.2The value of spatial measures
1.3Defining protected ocean areas
1.4The substance of protected areas
2Spatial Measures in International Law
2.1International treaties
2.2Regional agreements
3Implementation of Spatial Measures
3.1Shark-focused MPAs
3.2Sanctuaries
4Challenges and Opportunities
4.1Gaps and challenges
4.2Synergies and solutions
5Conclusion

Chapter 6. Institutions: Key Roles and Structural Issues

1Background to the Law of International Organisations
2Key Roles for International Environmental Institutions
3.1Law-making and standard setting
3.2Stakeholder participation
3.3 Collection of information
3.4Monitoring, compliance and dispute settlement
3UNEP, FAO and Treaty Organisations
4.1 UNEP
4.2FAO
4.3CITES
4.4CMS and the Sharks MoU
4Responses within RFMOs
5A Shark Commission? Lessons from Whales
6Interaction between International Institutions
7Conclusion

Chapter 7. Enforcement and Compliance

1Legal Framework for Enforcement under UNCLOS and the 1995 Fish Stocks Agreement
1.1In the EEZ
1.2On the high seas
1.2.1Exclusive flag state jurisdiction
1.2.2Boarding and inspecting vessels flagged to another state
2Port State Measures
3Inspections, Monitoring and Other Enforcement Processes: Lessons from RFMOs
4Compliance with Treaty Obligations: CITES, CMS and CBD
4.1CITES
4.2CMS
4.3CBD
5Dispute Settlement Options
6Sanctions and Trade Restrictions
7Concluding Remarks: Improving Enforcement and Compliance

Chapter 8. Broader Lessons Learned: A Principled Approach

1Lessons Learned for Sharks
1.1International legal regime
1.2Spatial and species measures
1.3Compliance and enforcement
1.4Structural issues
2Lessons Learned for Other Marine Species
2.1Commonalities between sharks and other marine species
2.2Lessons from other marine species
3Lessons for Governance and Sustainability
4Virtual Treaty Regime
5Conclusion

Bibliography

Index

Notă biografică

Erika J. Techera, the University of Western Australia, is Professor of Law and Director of the Oceans Institute. She is an international and comparative environmental lawyer focusing predominantly on oceans and marine species.

Natalie Klein, Macquarie University, is Professor and Dean at Macquarie Law School where she teaches, researches and provides advice in the area of international dispute settlement and the law of the sea.