Introduction to Probability for Data Science

[from the Preface] This introductory textbook in undergraduate probability emphasizes the inseparability between data (computing) and probability (theory) in our time. It examines the motivation, intuition, and implication of the probabilistic tools used in science and engineering:

1. Motivation: In the ocean of mathematical definitions, theorems, and equations, why should we spend our time on this particular topic but not another?
2. Intuition: When going through the deviations, is there a geometric interpretation or physics beyond those equations?
3. Implication: After we have learned a topic, what new problems can we solve?