The death of any child is tragic, but when a child dies suddenly and unexpectedly, it becomes the responsibility of law enforcement investigators to determine whether any criminal activity may have been involved. Thorough, professional investigations of child fatalities in which abuse or neglect is in question ensure that the innocent are not falsely accused and that the guilty are held accountable for their crimes. Conducting these crucial investigations involves unique issues for law enforcement. This guide provides concise, practical information to assist law enforcement officers in investigating child fatalities more effectively. We hope that investigators charged with this significant responsibility will find the guide helpful in their work.