Volume XXXIII of The Italian Yearbook of International Law opens with a memoir of Francesco Francioni, General Editor of the IYIL from Vol. IX to Vol. XXIV, who passed away in February 2024. Next, it features a monographic section on current issues of international environmental and climate law, which includes contributions on: i) the problem of causation in climate change litigation; ii) the protection of persons affected by sea-level rise; iii) the resort to advisory opinions as a strategy to strengthen the implementation of international environmental law; iv) environmental protection in armed conflict; v) the 2023 Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction; vi) the legality of States’ climate change action under WTO and investment law; vii) environmental rights of children and future generations; viii) reparation for environmental damage. There follows a symposium on the scientific legacy of Benedetto Conforti, having particular regard to i) the intersection of customary international law and general principles of law; ii) the law of the sea; iii) the application of international law by domestic courts; iv) the prohibition of the use of force. The Volume further contains timely contributions on the recent judgments by the Italian Constitutional Court on the Nazi Crimes Reparations Fund and the case of Giulio Regeni; the resort to restorative justice as a tool to address violence against women in the Italian legal order; the recent Italian practice on migration; the agreement between Italy and Croatia on the delimitation of their EEZs. As in every volume the following sections, each containing a wealth of scholarly contributions and reference materials, are included: Practice of International Courts and Tribunals and Italian Practice Relating to International Law. The remaining part of the Volume contains a bibliographical index of Italian international law scholarship published in 2023, a book review section, and an analytical index. Published with the contribution of ENI.