Ivan Franko, one of the founding fathers of modern Ukrainian literature, shows a thoroughly ambivalent stance towards Jews, Judaism, and the Jewish question in his writings. In his literary and publicist works we find philo-Semitic as well as anti-Semitic passages. The contributions to this volume aim to analyse and contextualise his utterings in and according to the historical settings they were made in. This concerns Franko's literary depictions of characters as was well as his journalistic statements. The Jewish question in Franko's work can thus be located at the diverging crossroads of imperial and national understanding.