JUVENILE DELINQUENCY WHY DO YPB

Cliff Roberson is former managing editor in chief of the journal Police Practice & Research, an international journal that is distributed in over 50 countries. In addition, he is an Emeritus Professor at Washburn University and retired Professor of Criminology at California State University, Fresno. His previous academic experience includes Professor of Criminology and Director of Justice Center, California State University, Fresno; Professor of Criminal Justice and Dean of Arts and Sciences at the University of Houston, Victoria; Associate Vice-President for Academic Affairs, Arkansas Tech University; and Director of Programs for the National College of District Attorneys, University of Houston. Cliff¿s non-academic legal experience includes Chief, Trial and Legal Services Section, Office of State Counsel for Offenders, Texas Board of Criminal Justice; private legal practice; judge pro-tem in the California courts; trial and defense counsel and military judge as a marine judge advocate; and Director of the Military Law Branch, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps. Cliff is admitted to practice before the U.S. Supreme Court, Federal Courts in California and Texas, Supreme Court of Texas and the Supreme Court of California. Elena Azaola is a professor at the Center for Advanced Studies and Research in Social Anthropology located in Mexico City. She received a PhD in Anthropology and did post graduate study at Columbia University on deviant behavior. She is also a psychoanalyst. Dr. Azaola was an advisor with the National Commission of Human Rights and a Council Member at the Federal District Commission of Human Rights. She coordinated the European Commission project for street children in Mexico (1999-2003). She has published more than 150 journal articles and numerous books on human behavior, crime, and human rights. Her research on the commercial sexual exploitation of children was sponsored by the United Nations Children Fund. She co-coordinated a National Report on Violence sponsored by the World Health Organization. She was the board chair of the Institute for Security and Democracy, which created the first center for police accreditation in Mexico and won the MacArthur Foundation Award for Creative and Effective Institutions. Presently Dr. Azaola is working on a United Nations funded research on developing ¿Standards for Mexican Prisons.¿

Preface Acknowledgements Part I: Juveniles Delinquency Overview Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Juvenile Delinquency Chapter objectives Overview of juvenile delinquency Defining adolescence and lack of a uniform definition Types of Juvenile Misconduct Measuring Delinquency Goals of the Juvenile Justice System Factors that influence juvenile behaviors Overview of delinquency theories Crime and Age Female Delinquency Overview of federal action on juvenile Justice Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 2: Issues Involving Juvenile Delinquency Chapter objectives Do We Need A Separate Court System? Juveniles Involved in Sex Trafficking Primary Purpose of Juvenile Justice Courts? Juvenile Incarceration Funding Privately-Operated Juvenile Institutions School to Prison Pipeline Juveniles Who Commit Violent Crimes Pathways to Desistance Bullying Cyber Delinquency Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Part II: Delinquency Causation Theories Chapter 3: Classical and Positivists Concepts Chapter objectives Delinquency Behaviors Early Theories of Delinquency Classical Concepts Free Will Rational choice Mental Capacity Defenses Early Positivist Concepts Biological Explanations of Delinquency Psychological Concepts Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 4: Social Structure Concepts Chapter objectives Causation Theories Anomie Social Structure Processes Strain Subcultural Theories Institutional anomie theory Symbolic Interaction Theories Ecological Theories Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 5: Social Process and Integrated Theories Chapter objectives Social Control Theories Social Bond Theories Conflict Theories Critical Theories Social Learning Theories Multi-Factor Theories of Crime Integrated Theories Control Balance Theory Differential Coercion Theory Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Part III Delinquency Influences Chapter 6: Families & Peers Delinquency Influences Chapter objectives Family Influences Early Childhood Disruptive Behavior Functional Family Theory Peers and Delinquency Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 7: Youth Gangs Chapter objectives Youth Gang Issues Defining Youth Gangs History of Youth Gangs Gang Indicators Indicators of Youth Gang Involvement Dynamics of Youth Gangs Why Youths Join Gangs Consequences of Gang Membership Preventing Gang Membership Promising Programs for Dealing with Youth Gangs National Youth Gang Center Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 8: Juveniles and Police Chapter objectives Police and Juvenile offenders Police Discretion School Resource Officers Police and Rule of Law Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Part IV Juvenile Justice System Chapter 9: Juvenile Justice Chapter objectives Development of Juvenile Justice Juvenile Justice Reform Development of Dependency Jurisdiction U.S. Supreme Court and the Rights of Juveniles Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 10: Juvenile Court Hearings Chapter objectives Overview The Petition Jurisdictional or Intake Hearing Adjudicatory hearing Rights at Juvenile Hearings Appealing A Juvenile Adjudication Persons Involved in the Hearings Reponses and Plea Bargaining Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 11: Juvenile Corrections Chapter objectives Juvenile Probation Conditions of Probation Interstate Compact on Juveniles Juvenile Probation Officers Restorative Justice Revocation of Probation Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 12: Juvenile Institutions Chapter objectives Overview Sexual Violence in Juvenile Institutes Residential Treatment Juvenile Parole Types of Institutions Aftercare Does Detention make them worst? Massachusetts Experience Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 13: Transfers to Adult Criminal Court Chapter Objective Overview Statistics on Waivers Waiver of Jurisdiction Double Jeopardy and the Wavier Decision Right to Appeal Waiver Direct Filing in Adult Criminal Court Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 14: Enhancing Juvenile Protection Chapter objectives Termination of Parental Rights Protective Orders Disclosure of Juvenile Information Expunction of Juvenile Records Dual System Youths Juvenile Competency Procedures Juvenile Drug Courts Teen Courts Status Offenses Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Chapter 15: Comparative Review of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Chapter objectives Overview United Nations Standards on Juvenile Justice United Nations World Youth Report Comparative Study of Youth Crime Australia Canada China France Great Britain India Japan Practicum Summary Discussion and Review Questions Author Bios