This study aims at offering an explicatory description of the medieval Asturian anthroponymy from the very first romance documents up to the dawn of the Modern Ages, basically following two aspects: the onomastic system and the repertoire of anthroponymic forms which existed during the Middle Ages, the study of which includes both the strictly linguistic analysis as such and the analysis of the cultural, the anthropological and the religious aspects related to each of the forms, as well as their particular chronology in Asturias, their process of diffusion, their period of utmost use, all of which is based on statistical information obtained from a corpus of over 20,000 people registered in medieval diplomas published between 1200-1500.