Lake Tanganyika, situated in the western rift system of East Africa, is the largest in volume of the African Great Lakes and the second deepest lake in the world. It is extremely ancient in comparison with most lakes. The aquatic flora and fauna are remarkable for their diversity and high degree of endemicity, as well as for the numbers of species and genera present. The lake has attracted international interest and much has been written about it. With its comprehensive bibliography, this book should provide a foundation of information that will be useful in further studies.