Based on selected papers from the International Association of Legislation's 2018 Conference at Antwerp University this book considers the challenges posed by lawmaking in multi-level settings. It covers all multi-tiered systems, but a major focus is on the EU, where the tension between autonomy and efficacy is most evident.Part I examines the topic at the broadest level, including all types of multi-tiered systems. Part II focuses on the EU perspective and Part III on the perspective of the Member States.The authors are experts in various disciplines as well as practitioners, ensuring a multi-disciplinary approach.