The papers in this volume arise from a symposium of the EAC convened to examine approaches to site listing and protection across Europe, including eastern Europe and Russia. It also addresses the concept of the historical landscape, and the extent to which it is possible or desirable to assess and protect it. Essays look at processes of selection and assesment, at the extent to which assessment should be systematic rather than intuitive and based on expert opinion, at how such systems should be managed in an international and political context, at the differences between a site and landscape based approach to conservation, and at the interaction of the wider public with archaeological sites and historic landscapes.