Regarding the practice of resettlement elsewhere on the World, there are divergent views among scholars, researchers, and practitioners. On the one hand, resettlement program is considered as livelihood strategy and promote the welfare of resettlers who could be victims of natural calamities. On the other hand, resettlement has been seen as new born poverty: risks to nature and risks to people. In line with this the study investigated the real impacts of resettlement on local livelihoods and institutions with particular reference to Gimbo district, Ethiopia. Livelihood conceptual framework is adopted to assess the livelihoods of resettlers and host communities in resettlement site in terms of their asset status and use of those assets to practice various livelihood strategies. This Book provides concrete example from the author's field work, discussions with government officials at different levels, resettlers and host communities and this makes the subject of the study practical and attractive to policy makers, practitioners and academicians.