Lycopene is an acyclic carotenoid, mainly responsible for the bright-red color abundantly found in vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, and gac, as well as in microorganisms such as Blakeslea trispora and Dunaliella salina. In recent years, lycopene has attracted increasing attention because of its potential anticancer and antiarteriosclerotic activities as well as strong antioxidant properties. This book provides a review of new research and applications of lycopene.