Major thinkers in welfare – Contemporary issues in historical perspective
Autor Vic Georgeen Limba Engleză Hardback – 8 apr 2010
With unprecedented breadth, Major Thinkers in Welfare examines a host of views and theories on a range of welfare issues—including wealth, poverty, inequality, slavery, gender, family, education, crime, and the role of governments and markets in society—from ancient Greece to the end of the nineteenth century. Contextualizing the theorists with a look at their social values and perceptions of human nature, it offers one of the most complete histories of the thought of social welfare and highlights important historical complexities for some of the most urgent contemporary problems.
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9781847427069
ISBN-10: 1847427065
Pagini: 288
Dimensiuni: 172 x 240 x 19 mm
Greutate: 0.64 kg
Editura: Bristol University Press
ISBN-10: 1847427065
Pagini: 288
Dimensiuni: 172 x 240 x 19 mm
Greutate: 0.64 kg
Editura: Bristol University Press
Recenzii
This book has two virtues: it offers the broadest historical range of any study of ideas about welfare, and it uses the analysis to show how social context and philosophical approach shape thinking about social provision and the good society. Peter Taylor-Gooby FBA, AcSS, Director ESRC Risk Programme
In this scholarly and highly readable book, Professor George traces the history of welfare thought back to the time of Plato and Aristotle. In doing so, he adds a new dimension to contemporary debates about the ends and means of social policy and our perceptions of its intellectual lineage. Professor Robert Pinker
Notă biografică
Vic George is professor emeritus of social policy and social work at the University of Kent and coauthor of several books, including Global Social Problems and Globalisation and Human Welfare.
Cuprins
Introduction
1. Classical Athens: Plato and Aristotle
The Athenian society
Plato's communitarianism: the state is sovereign
Aristotle's equity and the middle way
Origins of society
Classes in society
Slavery
The position of women
Private property
The abolition of the family
Poverty policies
Education
Conclusion
2. The Graeco-Roman world: Epicurus, Zeno, Cicero, Seneca and Aurelius
Epicurus (341–271 BC)
Stoicism: Zeno (336–263 BC), Cicero (160–43 BC), Seneca (4 BC–5 AD) and Aurelius (121–80 AD)
Society and government
The virtuous Stoic individual
Nature and civil law
Slavery
The position of women
Wealth and poverty
Education
Old age
Conclusion
3. Early Christianity: St Augustine, St Francis and St Thomas Aquinas
The New Testament and human welfare
The Christian value system
Slavery
The position of women
Marriage and divorce
Wealth and poverty
St Augustine (354–430)
St Francis of Assisi (1182–1226)
Religious sects
The Franciscan friars
Four profiles of poverty
St Thomas Aquinas (1225–74)
Government and welfare
Private versus public property
Poverty and a taxonomy of needs
Slavery
The position of women
Conclusion
4. The Renaissance: Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More; The Reformation: Martin Luther and Jean Calvin
Desiderius Erasmus (1467–1536)
Thomas More (1478–1535)
A critique of 16th-century capitalist society
The capitalist state
Crime in 16th-century England
Poverty in 16th-century England
Private property
Life in Utopia
Work
Leisure
A socialist welfare state
Representative government
Marriage, family and divorce
An assessment of Utopia
Martin Luther (1483–1545)
Luther's religious values: faith and obedience
Poverty relief
Education
Women, marriage and divorce
Economic issues
Jean Calvin (1509–64)
Calvinism and capitalism
Conclusion
5. Absolutism: Thomas Hobbes; Liberalism: John Locke
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
Human nature and absolutism
Crime and punishment
Wealth and poverty
Women in society
Conclusion
John Locke (1632–1704)
Human nature and government by consent
Private property
Work
Poverty: causes and remedies
Slavery
The position of women
Education and childhood
Conclusion
6. Early feminism: Mary Astell, Sophia and Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Astell (1668–1731)
Sophia, an anonymous author
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–97)
Private property and society
Wealth and poverty
Women's emancipation
Marriage and family
Parent-child relationships
Education, women's emancipation and social progress
Conclusion
7. A welfare society: Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Human nature
Equality and liberty
From compassion to vanity
Private property and poverty
Taxation and government overload
The role of women in society
Education
Ideal education methods
National education system
Rousseau's ideal society
The goodness of human nature
The general will
Direct citizen participation
The small nation state
Theory and practice
Conclusion
8. The market, laissez-faire and welfare: Adam Smith
Human nature
The division of labour
Laissez-faire and the invisible hand of the market
Wealth and wages
Poverty
Slavery
The family
The role of government
Defence
Justice
Public works and public institutions
Principles of public administration
Taxation
The chequered career of laissez-faire
Conclusion
9. Democracy and welfare: Thomas Paine
Human Nature
Society and Government
Hereditary monarchy versus elective democracy
Slavery
Trade, private property and the common good
The structure and culture of poverty
A universal welfare state
Religion and welfare
Conclusion
10. Classical Marxism and welfare: Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
Human nature and human needs
The materialist conception of history
The critique of capitalism
Alienation
Poverty and the immiseration of the working class
Globalisation
Reform or revolution
The position of women in society
A communist welfare state
Communist society
Government expenditure
Education
Housing
Crime
Conclusion
11. Positive freedom and state welfare: T. H. Green
Positive freedom
The common good
The interventionist state
Policies at work
Education
Wealth and poverty
Drunkenness
Gender equality
Liberal socialism
Democratic socialism
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
1. Classical Athens: Plato and Aristotle
The Athenian society
Plato's communitarianism: the state is sovereign
Aristotle's equity and the middle way
Origins of society
Classes in society
Slavery
The position of women
Private property
The abolition of the family
Poverty policies
Education
Conclusion
2. The Graeco-Roman world: Epicurus, Zeno, Cicero, Seneca and Aurelius
Epicurus (341–271 BC)
Stoicism: Zeno (336–263 BC), Cicero (160–43 BC), Seneca (4 BC–5 AD) and Aurelius (121–80 AD)
Society and government
The virtuous Stoic individual
Nature and civil law
Slavery
The position of women
Wealth and poverty
Education
Old age
Conclusion
3. Early Christianity: St Augustine, St Francis and St Thomas Aquinas
The New Testament and human welfare
The Christian value system
Slavery
The position of women
Marriage and divorce
Wealth and poverty
St Augustine (354–430)
St Francis of Assisi (1182–1226)
Religious sects
The Franciscan friars
Four profiles of poverty
St Thomas Aquinas (1225–74)
Government and welfare
Private versus public property
Poverty and a taxonomy of needs
Slavery
The position of women
Conclusion
4. The Renaissance: Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More; The Reformation: Martin Luther and Jean Calvin
Desiderius Erasmus (1467–1536)
Thomas More (1478–1535)
A critique of 16th-century capitalist society
The capitalist state
Crime in 16th-century England
Poverty in 16th-century England
Private property
Life in Utopia
Work
Leisure
A socialist welfare state
Representative government
Marriage, family and divorce
An assessment of Utopia
Martin Luther (1483–1545)
Luther's religious values: faith and obedience
Poverty relief
Education
Women, marriage and divorce
Economic issues
Jean Calvin (1509–64)
Calvinism and capitalism
Conclusion
5. Absolutism: Thomas Hobbes; Liberalism: John Locke
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
Human nature and absolutism
Crime and punishment
Wealth and poverty
Women in society
Conclusion
John Locke (1632–1704)
Human nature and government by consent
Private property
Work
Poverty: causes and remedies
Slavery
The position of women
Education and childhood
Conclusion
6. Early feminism: Mary Astell, Sophia and Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Astell (1668–1731)
Sophia, an anonymous author
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–97)
Private property and society
Wealth and poverty
Women's emancipation
Marriage and family
Parent-child relationships
Education, women's emancipation and social progress
Conclusion
7. A welfare society: Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Human nature
Equality and liberty
From compassion to vanity
Private property and poverty
Taxation and government overload
The role of women in society
Education
Ideal education methods
National education system
Rousseau's ideal society
The goodness of human nature
The general will
Direct citizen participation
The small nation state
Theory and practice
Conclusion
8. The market, laissez-faire and welfare: Adam Smith
Human nature
The division of labour
Laissez-faire and the invisible hand of the market
Wealth and wages
Poverty
Slavery
The family
The role of government
Defence
Justice
Public works and public institutions
Principles of public administration
Taxation
The chequered career of laissez-faire
Conclusion
9. Democracy and welfare: Thomas Paine
Human Nature
Society and Government
Hereditary monarchy versus elective democracy
Slavery
Trade, private property and the common good
The structure and culture of poverty
A universal welfare state
Religion and welfare
Conclusion
10. Classical Marxism and welfare: Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
Human nature and human needs
The materialist conception of history
The critique of capitalism
Alienation
Poverty and the immiseration of the working class
Globalisation
Reform or revolution
The position of women in society
A communist welfare state
Communist society
Government expenditure
Education
Housing
Crime
Conclusion
11. Positive freedom and state welfare: T. H. Green
Positive freedom
The common good
The interventionist state
Policies at work
Education
Wealth and poverty
Drunkenness
Gender equality
Liberal socialism
Democratic socialism
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index